词根词缀构词法

GrammarGrammar(1)Conversion构词法英语最基本的构词法有三种：派生(Derivation)、合成(Compounding)和转化(Conversion)。下面主要谈谈转化和派生法(也称词缀法)的构词知识：语法精讲词性转化指的是单词从一个词类转到另一个词类而不发生词形的变化。它包括很多类别，如名词动词、动词名词、形容词动词、副词动词等。•1.名词转化为动词•2.形容词转化为动词•3.副词转化为动词•4.动词转化为名词•5.形容词转化为名词1.名词转化为动词1)许多表示物件的名词可转化为动词来表示动作变化形式例示表具体实物的名词可转化为动词writeabook书book预定aticketamap地图ofEuropemap绘制地图theSouthPoleadropofwater水water浇theflowersarowofbuttons纽扣button扣上upyourcoatWhochairedthemeeting?谁主持会议？Itcanseatathousandpeople.能坐一千人。Eachapartmentcanhouseafamilyofsix.每套房间可以住一户六口之家。Ihopewecanroomtogether.我希望我们能住同一个房间。Thishelpedtobridgeoverourdifficulties.这帮助我们度过了困难。Theyfloweredwellbutborelittlefruit.它们花开得很好，但果结得不多。2)表示身体某部分的名词转化为动词变化形式例示表身体某部位的名词可转化为动词Herface脸turnsredwithcold.Herhousefaces朝向south.Takeachildinone'sarms胳膊.bearmed武装totheteethHandinyourexercise-books,please.请把练习本交上来。We'llbackyouup.我们将作你的后盾。Whoheadedthedelegation?谁任代表团团长？3)表示某类人的名词转化为动词变化形式例示表示某类人的名词可转化为动词Thenurse(护士)ondutyisnursing(护理)thepatient.Heisnofool(傻瓜)atallandyoucan'tfool(骗)himeasily.sendforadoctor(医生);doctor(医治)acoldIfso,weshallbebadlyfooled.如果这样我们就会上大当。Heinsistedonstayinguptonursethechild.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个小孩。Wewerehostedbymembersoftheembassy.我们受到大使馆成员的款待。4)抽象名词等转化为动词变化形式例示表示抽象概念的名词可转化为动词Time时间isabirdforeveronthewing.TakeadeepbreathandI'lltime计时you.有些形容词可作动词用Let'ssitintheshadeandgetcool凉爽.Openthewindowstocool使凉爽theroom.anempty空的housePleaseempty倒空outallyourpockets.Wheredoswallowswinter?燕子在哪里过冬？WesummeredbyLakeGeneva.我们在日内瓦湖畔度过夏天。Forsixdaysandnightstheybattledtosavehislife.他们苦战了六昼夜来抢救他的生命。Throughmychildhood,Ihadhungeredforeducation.我从小就盼望上学。5）特定场合下的转化•Hisargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.•他再说理时“如果”和“但是”用得太多了。•Thisbookisamustforstudentsofelectronics.•这是学电子学的学生的一本必读书。•Followthefollowingdosanddon’tsinthelab.•在实验室一定要遵守“能做的事”和“不能做的事”。2.形容词转化为动词变化形式例示表示抽象概念的名词可转化为动词Time时间isabirdforeveronthewing.TakeadeepbreathandI'lltime计时you.有些形容词可作动词用Let'ssitintheshadeandgetcool凉爽.Openthewindowstocool使凉爽theroom.anempty空的housePleaseempty倒空outallyourpockets.•Dry,narrow,quiet,clear,warm,slow,tidy等词都可转化为动词。•Theroomgraduallyquieteddown.•屋里慢慢的静了下来。•Theyfinallyfreedthemselvesfromslaves.•他们最后把自己从奴隶制度下解放出来。•Pleasetidyyourroom.•请整理好你的房间。Thetrainsloweddowntohalfitsspeed.火车速度慢了一半。Thisisthechiefwayofnarrowingthedifferencebetweenthem.这是缩小他们之间差距的主要办法。Pleasewarmupthedishoverthestove.请把菜放在炉子上加热一下。Theroomgraduallyquieteddown.室内慢慢静了下来。3.副词转化为动词Thishelpedtofurthertheirunity.这有助于促进他们的团结。Truthwillout.真相总会大白的。3000workerstheredownedtools.那儿三千工人罢工了。Pleaseforwardthelettertomynewaddress.请把信转到我的新地址。Shewilloffanddoherownthings.她将走掉去做自己的事。4.动词转化为名词Westoppedthereforaswim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。Thisisforwinterwear.Don'tmakeittootight.这是冬天穿的，别做得太紧。Ilikeaquietreadaftersupper.晚饭后我喜欢静静地看一会儿书。Womenhaveanequalsayineverything.妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。*有时动词转化成名词后意思有一定的变化•Hehasaboutthesamebuildashisbrother.•他的体型和他哥哥差不多。•Womenhaveequalsayineverything.•妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。Hewontwogames;theothertwoweredraws.他赢了两局，另外两局打平了。•5.形容词转化为名词Hedidn'twanttodisturbthequietneededbypatients.他不愿打扰病人需要的安静环境。Theboyisadear.他是个招人喜爱的孩子。Thereisonlyoneblackinmyclass.我们班上只有一名黑人学生。Exercise:Rewritethesentencesastheexampleshows.Example:What’stheanswer?Theywantmetoanswerthequestion.1.TheChicagoBullswontheirfirstchampionshipin1991.Therewasafirstchampionship________fortheChicagoBullsin1991.win2.Jordansurprisedeveryonewhenheretired.Itwas_________foreveryonewhenheretired.3.Theychangedtherulesofthegametotrytostophim.Therewas_________intherulestotrytostophim.asurpriseachangeMoreExercise1.Hisanswerwas“No”.He__________“No”.2.MydreamwastoplayfortheShanghaiSharks.I_________ofplayingfortheShanghaiSharks.answereddreamed3.TheintervieweraskedMichaelJordansomequestionsabouthiscareer.Theinterview_________MichaelJordanabouthiscareer.4.Attheendofthefirsthalfthescorewas2-0toChina.China______2-0attheendofthefirsthalf.questionedscored5.Thestarofthefilmwasayoungbasketballplayer,Leroy.Ayoungbasketballplayer,Leroy,________inthefilm.starredExercise3.1.Alotofyoungboys_________aboutplayingintheNBA.2.The_________ofthegamewasincredible—169to147.3.MichaelJordanwasthebiggest_________oftheChicagoBullsformanyyears.4.Myuncle_________asatrainerfortheShanghaiSharks.5.Theteacheroftenasksus_________aboutbasketball.dreamworkstarresultquestionnounnounverbnounverbworkedquestionsdreamresultstarAnswerstoexercise4.1.broke2.head3.record4.played5.headed6.recorded7.play8.breakReadthefollowingsentences,payingspecialattentiontotheunderlinedwords.1.Chamberlainaveragedover50pointsagameforanentireseason.2.Hisaveragewasmorethan30pointsagame.3.Jordanwasthesecondplayertoscoremorethan3,000pointsinaseason.4.Thefinalscorewas169-147.v.平均n.平均数v.得分n.得分Completethesentenceswiththewords.•He_____hisarmplayingbasketball.•YaoMinginjuredhis_____duringagame.•Jordan’stotalofpointsisaworld________.•Chamberlain_______forfourdifferentNBAteams.Breakheadplayrecorddreambrokeheadrecordplayed•Afterthegame,thefuns_______fortheexit.•We__________thecommentaryofthegameonacassette.•Hastherebeenafilmora______abo