新版新目标英语八年级下册unit10知识点总结

Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.SectionA1.for+一段时间表示动作持续一段时间,用于现在完成时2.keep（kept;kept）保留用作系动词，保持（某种状态），其后常接形容词作表语。Pleasekeepquiet/silent!请保持安静！用作实义动词(1)保管；保存；保留PleasekeepthesethingsformewhileIamaway.(2)赡养；饲养Iusedtokeepsheepinmychildhood.(3)坚持；继续接V-ing形式作宾语。IfyoukeeppracticingyourspokenEnglish,you'llsoonmakegreatprogress.(4)阻止；阻碍keepsb/sthfromdoingsth其中介词from不能省略Theheavyraindidn'tkeepthemfromwatchingthefootballmatch.(5)保持其后常接复合宾语，表示使（某人或某物）保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。①keep+sb/sth+介词Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.②keep+sb/sth+形容词Thesegloveswillkeepyourhandswarm.③keep+sb/sth+V-ing，“让某人/某物一直……”，强调动作的持续性。I'msorryI'vekeptyouwaiting.很抱歉，让你久等了。keeparecord保持记录，keepintouch(with)保持与……的联系keepout(of)把……关在外面keepup保持；使……不能入睡keepone's/aneyeon密切注视keepaway(from)离开keepinmind牢记keepone'sword遵守诺言3.bringback(v+adv)使回想起；使回忆起4.inneed需要；需求indanger在危险中introuble在困境中insilence在沉默中ingoodhealth在好的健康状态中Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情5.nomore;not…anymore/nolonger;not...anylonger不再词语同义词用法nolongernot…anylonger强调时间或动作“不再延续”,与延续性动词连用nomorenot…anymore强调数量和程度“不再增加”,与非延续性动词连用位置区别：当修饰动词时，nolonger通常置于be或行为动词前；nomore一般置于行为动词后。not...anylonger与not...anymore常置于句末。Hecannolongerwalk.=Hecan’twalkanylongerThelittlegirlnomorecried.=Thelittlegirldidn’tcryanymore.6.since自从Since+从句（一般过去时），主句用现在完成时Hehasstudiedveryhardsincehecametoourschool.since与for在现在完成时态中的用法since其后接时间点或时态为一般过去时的句子，表示某事是从什么时候开始的I’vebeenasoldiersincetwoyearsagofor其后接时间段，表示某事持续了多长时间I’vebeenasoldierfortwoyears.7.for给；为了介词for用法归纳(1)(表目的)为了。Theywentoutforawalk.他们出去散步了。(2)(表利益)为，为了。WhatcanIdoforyou?你想要我什么？8.acoupleof几个；一些=afew后接可数名词复数acoupleof一对,优指夫妻、情侣I’llbebackin_______________days.(几天)9.abit稍微；有点儿(1)abit和alittle在肯定句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词和比较级,一点儿。Thespeakerspokeupabit/alittlesoastomakehimselfheardmoreclearly.演讲者把嗓门提高了一点儿,以便使别人听得更清楚。(2)alittle可以直接作定语修饰名词,abit修饰名词，需后面加of构成短语,两者都只能修饰不可数名词Thereisalittle/abitoffoodleftforlunch.午饭只能吃剩下的一点食品了。10.checkout查看；观察checkv检查11.growup成长（常用于指人或动物）12.clearout清理；把……清空cleanup清理；使整洁13.decidev决定→-decisionn决定(1)decidetodosth=makeupone’smindtodosth决定做某事(2)makeadecision做决定14.nolonger=not...anylong不再【在句中位置】nolonger位于助动词、情态动词或实意动词之后；not...anylongernot常与助动词或情态动词连用，anylonger位于句末。Inolongerliveinthiscity.=Idon’tliveinthiscityanylonger.【辨析】nolonger,not...anylonger;nomore,not...anymore.词语同义词用法nolongernot...anylonger强调时间或动作“不再延续”，与延续动词连用nomorenot...anymore强调数量和程度“不再增加”与非延续动词连用Hecannolongerwalk=Hecan’twalkanylonger.Ihavenomoremoneytogiveyou.=Idon’thavemoneytogiveyouanymore.15.ownv拥有→ownern物主ofone’sown某人自己的theownerof………的所有者16.lose(lost,lost)失去Ihopewewon’tlosethecompetition.17.partwith与……分开；失去（尤指舍不得的东西）Theyweresorrytopartwiththeoldhouse.18.certain(1)某种；某事；某人（在句中只能做定语，常与不定代词a连用，可修饰单、复数名词）Acertainpersoncalledonmeyesterday.(2)adj.确实的，无疑的becertainof对某事有把握Theyarecertainofsuccess.becertaintodosth肯定做某事Heiscertaintocome.becertain+that确信I’mcertainthathe’llcome.19.asfor至于；关于（后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语）Asforcomputer,I’mnottellingyouanything.20.tobehonest=totell(you)thetruth老实说；说实话honestadj.诚实的（反）dishonestadj.不诚实的anhonestboy一个诚实的男孩【注】honest以元音音素开头，所以前面的定冠词要用an.21.forawhile一会儿22.dowith处理；对付（某人或某物）dealwith处理与how连用dowith处理与what连用dowith处理；安置，强调处理的对象，常与what连用Idon’tknowwhattodowiththeseletters.dealwith处理；应付，强调处理的方式、方法，常与how连用Hetaughtmehowtodealwithpressure.SectionB-SelfCheck1.by(1)bydoingsth通过…方式bystudyingwithagroup【注】介词短语作方式状语，回答以How开头的问句，表示“怎样做”。(2)by+交通工具（交通工具前不能加限定词）bybikebytrainbytheway顺便问一下byaccident=bychance偶然地bymistake错误地onebyone一个接一个stepbystep一步一步地littlebylittle逐渐地bythetime到……为止byoneself独自地byandby不久之后2.onceortwice一两次once=onetime一次twice=twotimes两次三次或三次以上用：“基数词+times”threetimes三次fourtimes四次threeorfourtimes三到四次3.searchv搜索；搜查【记】researchv研究，调查→searchsearchfor寻找；搜寻Theysearchedforhim.4.amongprep在（其中）；…….之一among介词，表示在三个或三个以上的人或物之中Thegirldisappearedamongthecrowdbetween介词；表示两者之间between…and…IsitbetweenSueandJane.5.last(1)adj.刚过去的；最后的lasttimeatlast最后(2)v持续（可以跟一段时间连用）6.return(1)v回；返回Hereturnedhomeyesterday.(2)v归还；放回Hereturnedherbook7.beback返回（强调状态，若表示“回到某地”则要在其后加介词to）Weareallhappytobebacktoschoolafterthelongholiday.goback走回来getback回去comeback回来giveback归还runback跑回lookback回顾8.shamen羞耻；羞愧；惭愧It’sashametodosth做某事是可耻的It’sashametolie.在口语中常用That’sashame!/It’sashame!/Whatashame!”真遗憾；多可惜啊9.regard将……认为，把……视为regard…with…对……持某种态度regard…as…把……当作……Iregardyouasmyfriend.10.betrueof符合于；对……适用11.countv数数Thelittlegirlcancount.12.centuryn百年；世纪世纪的表达法：(1)表示多少世纪要用序数词，序数词前一定要加the.在……世纪inthe+序数词+centuryHewasborninthe20thcentury.(2)表示某世纪某年代，首先要用定冠词，然后在年代后加s.…….世纪……年代in1840是=1840’s19世纪40年代the1860s19世纪60年代13.accordingto+名词依据；按照14.opposite(1)prep对面的；另一边的=acrossfrom.Weliveontheoppositesideofthestreet.(2)adj.相对的；相反的15.asymbolof………的象征Blueisasymbolofpeace.16.inone’stime在某人一生中=inone’slifeInmytime,myhappiestthingisthatImetyou.17.especially尤其；特别；格外侧重强调某物超过其他全部，突出特别的程度。Heisespeciallybusythisweek.specially=onpurpose“特意地；专门地”,着重为了某一目的而“专门地、特别地”18.memory回忆；记忆→memorizev记忆，背诵loseone’smemory失去记忆haveagood/badmemory记忆力好/坏19.considerv考虑=thinkaboutconsiderdoingsth考虑做某事后跟动名词的动词和短语：完成，实践，值得，忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）考虑,建议，不禁，想（consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike）错过，习惯，