Noah_LSM_USERGUIDE_2.7.1模式说明

1THECOMMUNITYNoahLAND-SURFACEMODEL(LSM)User’sGuidePublicReleaseVersion2.7.1LastUpdatedFeb.92005ThisdocumentisfilenameNOAH_LSM_USERGUIDE_2.7.1docat:KennethMitchell(NCEP/EMC)PointofContact:[e-mail],phone[phone]Collaborators:MikeEk,VinceWong,DagLohmann,VictorKoren,JohnSchaake,QingyunDuan,GeorgeGayno,BrianMoore,PabloGrunmann,DanTarpley,BruceRamsay,FeiChen,JinwonKim,Hua-LuPan,YingLin,CurtisMarshall,LarryMahrt,TildenMeyers,PaulRuscherTABLEOFCONTENTS1.0Introduction2.0ModelHeritage3.0DirectoryContentsandQuick-StartGuidetoExecution4.0SubroutineSummaryandCallingTree5.0ControlFileContentsandFunction6.0InputAtmosphericForcingFile7.0LSMInitialConditions8.0SpecifyingModelParameters9.0ExecutionOutputFiles10.0TechnicalReferences1.0INTRODUCTIONThisUser’sGuideprovidesexecutionguidanceforandphysicaldescriptionofthepublicversionofthecommunityNoahLSM.ThisversionoftheNoahLSMisastand-alone,uncoupled,1-Dcolumnversionusedtoexecutesingle-siteland-surfacesimulations.Inthistraditional1-Duncoupledmode,near-surfaceatmosphericforcingdataisrequiredasinputforcing(seeSec6.0).ThisLSMsimulatessoilmoisture(bothliquidandfrozen),soiltemperature,skintemperature,snowpackdepth,snowpackwaterequivalent(andhencesnowpackdensity),canopywatercontent,andtheenergyfluxandwaterfluxtermsofthesurfaceenergybalanceandsurfacewaterbalance.SeeSec10forthelineageofkeytechnicalreferences.2ThepublicserverdirectoryinwhichthisUser’sGuideresidesalsocontainsthecomplete,self-containedNoahLSMsourcecodefile,inputcontrolfile,inputatmosphericforcingfile,andexampleexecution-timeLSMoutputfilesforafullone-year1998simulation.ThissimulationisvalidattheChampaign,Illinoissurface-fluxsite(40.01N,88.37W)ofNOAA/ARLinvestigatorTildenMeyers.SeeSec3fora“Quick-Start”guidetoexecutingtheNoahLSMcodeinthisdirectorytoduplicatethecited1998simulationatthissite.ToexecuteNoahLSMsimulationsatothersitesforotherinitialtimes,studySecs5through8.(Reminder:SeeSec3fora“Quick-Start”guidetoexecutingtheNoahLSM.)2.0MODELHERITAGEBeginningin1990,andacceleratingafter1993undersponsorshipfromtheGEWEX/GCIP/GAPPthenGEWEX/GAPPProgramOfficeofNOAA/OGPviacollaborationwithnumerousGCIP/GAPP/GAPPPrincipalInvestigators(PIs),theEnvironmentalModelingCenter(EMC)oftheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction(NCEP)joinedwiththeNWSOfficeofHydrology(OH)andtheNESDISOfficeofResearchandApplications(ORA)topursueandrefineamodern-eraLSMsuitableforuseinNCEPoperationalweatherandclimatepredictionmodels.Earlyinthiseffort,NCEPcarriedoutanintercomparisonoffourLSMs,including1)asimplebucketmodel,2)theOSULSM(knownastheCoupledAtmosphericboundarylayer-Plant–Soil,CAPS,modelland-surfaceschemeinsomePILPSstudies),3)theSSiBmodel,and4)theSimpleWaterBalancemodel(SWB)ofOH.TheresultsofthisintercomparisonwerereportedinChenetal.(1996,seereferencesthereinforthefourcitedLSMs).AsaresultofthegoodperformanceoftheOSULSMinthisstudyandpre-existinghands-onexperiencewiththisLSMbyvariousEMCstaffmembers,includingHua-LuPanandKenMitchell,EMCchosetheOSULSMforfurtherrefinementandimplementationinNCEPregionalandglobalcoupledweatherandclimatemodels(andtheircompaniondataassimilationsystems).TheresultsofthecitedLSMintercomparisonandtheinitialEMCrefinementstotheOSULSMwerereportedinChenetal.(1996).AtthebeginningoftheEMCLSMeffortin1990,theOSULSMalreadyhada10-yearhistory.ItsinitialdevelopmentwascarriedoutbyOSUinaseriesofthreepapers(MahrtandEk,1984;MahrtandPan,1984;andPanandMahrt,1987).AstheEMCLSMeffortunfoldedduringthe1990's,aseriesofNCEPextensionstotheOSULSMwerea)addedbyEMCanditsGCIP/GAPPandothercollaboratorsandb)testedandvalidatedinbothuncoupledandcoupledstudies(seereviewoftheseinMitchelletal,1999,2000,andEketal.2003).AtNCEP,theLSMwasfirstcoupledtotheoperationalNCEPmesoscaleEtamodelon31Jan96,withsignificantEtaLSMrefinementssubsequentlyimplementedon18Feb97,09Feb98,03Jun98,24Jul01,26Feb0212June02.In1999,witha)thenewadditionandtestingoffrozensoilandpatchysnowcoverphysicsintheuncoupledLSMusedfortheNCEP-OHsubmissiontoPILPS-2d(Valdai,Russia),andb)thegrowingnumberofexternaluserrequestsforaccesstoanduseoftheNCEPLSM(e.g.GCIP/GAPPPIs),wedecidedtheNCEPLSMhadadvancedtoastageappropriateforformalpublicrelease(firstinMarch99).3In2000,givena)theadventoftheNewMillenium,b)astrongdesirebyEMCtobetterrecognizeitsLSMcollaborators,andc)anewNCEPgoaltomorestronglypursueandofferCommunityModels,EMCdecidedtocointhenewnameNOAHfortheLSMthathademergedatNCEPduringthe1990s:N:NationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction(NCEP)O:OregonStateUniversity(DeptofAtmosphericSciences)A:AirForce(bothAFWAandAFRL-formerlyAFGL,PL)H:HydrologicResearchLab-NWS(nowOfficeofHydrologicDev--OHD)WeinEMCstrivetoexplicitlyacknowledgeboththemulti-groupheritageandinformalcommunityuseageofthisLSM,goingbacktotheearly1980’s.SinceitsbeginningthenatOregonStateUniversity,theevolutionofthepresentNoahLSMhereinhasspannedsignificantongoingdevelopmenteffortsbythefollowinggroups:NCEP/EMC:NCEPEnvironmentalModelingCenter(EMC)(Mitchell,Ek,Lohmann,Grunmann,Lin,Marshall,Chen,Rogers,Ma