英语五大基本句型详解及练习(配答案)

2012届高三英语五种简单句（一）从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，一般地说，某些动词在某一句式中，下面我们把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类，供大家参考。一、S(主)+Vi(不及物动词)（谓）Time(s)+flies(Vi)两天过去了。冬天快要来了。受伤的猫死了。发生了一宗交通事故。1)S+Vi+adverbial(副词作状语)Birdssingbeautifully.他高兴地离开了。女孩安静地走了进来。战争和平地结束了。雨渐渐地停了。2）S+Vi+Prepphase(介词短语作状语)Hewentonholiday.他们会在三点钟到。那群孩子步行去上学。3）S+Vi+Infinitive(不定式作状语)Westoppedtohavearest.他起得早是为了读英语。他希望做医生。4）S+Vi+Participle(现在分词作状语)Iwillgoswimming.我们明天一起去钓鱼。我明天去划船。昨天他们去逛街。2012届高三英语五种简单句（二）S（主）+Vt(及物动词)（谓）+Object(宾)-------WelikeEnglish.1）S+Vt+N/Pron(名词或代词作宾语)Ilikemusic./Ilikeher.他去年教数学。我们已收到了他们的来信。2）S+Vt+Infinitive(不定式作宾语)Iwanttohelphim.他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。他们假装在看书。我尝试去解决那个问题。常用于这个句型的动词有：attempt,dare,decide,desire,expect,hope,wish,intend,learn,need,offer,pretend,promise,propose,refuse,want,manage,plan,fail,try,agree等。3)S+Vt+疑问词+Infinitive（疑问词加不定式作宾语）Idon’tknowwhattodo.我在想明天去哪里。你决定要买什么了吗？我想知道什么时候出发。常用于这个句型的动词有：ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,inquire,know,learn,observe,remember,see,settle,tell,think,understand,wonder等。4）S+Vt+Gerund(动名词作宾语)Ienjoylivinghere.他每天都练习说英语。李阿姨忍不住笑了。我期待明天见到你。常用于这个句型的动词有：admit,advise,avoid,consider,defend,enjoy,excuse,finish,forbid,mind,miss,practice,risk,suggest,giveup,can’thelp,imagine,appreciate,escape,permit,putoff,devoteto,makeacontributionto,lookforwardto,feellike,get/beusedto,payattentionto,havetrouble/difficultyin,befondof,beworth等。2012届高三英语五种简单句（三）S（主）+Lv(系动词)+P(表)【谓语】WeareChinese.除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词：1)表感官的动词：feel,smell,taste,sound,look,等2)表变化的动词：become,get,grow,turn,go,fall,run,come等3)表延续的动词：remain,keep,stay,stand,continue,lie等4)表表象的动词：seem,appear,look等5)表终止的动词：prove,turnout等1）S+Lv+N/Pron(名词、代词作表语)Heisaboy./Thisismine.他们是美国人。我是一个英语教师。桌子上的那本书是我的。2）S+Lv+Adj(形容词作表语)：Sheisbeautiful.众所周知，牛肉在英国很受欢迎。阅读很有用。冰箱里的食物变质了。昨天他们迟到了。3）S+Lv+Adv（副词作表语）：Classisover。他的父母出去了。关于鲁迅的那部电影放了半个小时了。4）S+Lv+Prep+Phrase(介词短语作表语)：Heisingoodhealth.昨晚你在家吗？那个女孩还在办公室。他病了。5）S+Lv+participle（分词作表语）Heisexcited.Thefilmisinteresting.昨天我听到的那个故事令人害怕。那场篮球赛令人兴奋。那个老板对我的工作很满意。2012届高三英语五种简单句（四）S（主）+Vt（谓）+IndirectObject(间宾)+DirectObject(直宾)【双宾】eg.Igiveyouhelp.1)S+Vt+N/Porn(间宾)+N(直宾)Isenthimabook./IboughtMaryabook.①我父亲给我姐姐带来了一台PC。②陈老师叫我们语文。③给我看看你的执照。2)S+Vt+N(直宾)+to/for+N/Porn(间宾)Isentabooktohim./Heboughtacoatforme.间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有：allow,bring,deny,do(带来)，give，grant，hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,permit,promise,read,refuse,render,restore,sell,send,show,teach,tell,wish,write等。①警察提供一日三餐给犯人。②他从来都不把他的小车借给别人。③音乐给我们带来快乐。间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有：buy，cash，choose，fetch，get，leave，make，order，paint，play（演奏），save，sing，spare等。①你能抽出一些时间给小朋友吗？②我将为你挑一份精美的礼物。③我会为你给房间上油漆。2012届高三英语五种简单句（五）S（主）+Vt（谓）+Object(宾)+OC(宾补)【复合宾语】1)S+Vt+N/Porn(宾)+N(宾补)WenamedourbabyTom.我们选他为总统。我们选她做班长。（Note：表示独一的头衔、职位或身份的名词作宾语补足语，不用冠词）常用于这个句型的动词有：appoint，call，choose，elect，entitle，find，make，name，nominate（命名）.2)S+Vt+N/Porn(宾)+adj.(宾补)Hepaintedthewallwhite.他的话令我发狂。我们认为这项工作很容易。常用于这个句型的动词有：boil，think，drive，find，get，hold，keep，leave，like，make，paint，see，set，turn，want，wash，wipe，wish3)S+Vt+N/Porn(宾)+prepphrase(宾补)Shealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.请不要客气（就像在家一样）。4)S+Vt+N/Porn(宾)+infinitive(宾补)Theteacheraskedhimtoleave./Imadehimwork.常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,choose,command,decide,encourage,expect,force,get,hate,invite,know,leave,like,love,order,permit,persuade,prefer,remain,request,teach,tell,want,warn,wish.老师鼓励我们每天锻炼身体。b)不定式不带to的词：feel,have,hear,know,let,listento,lookat,make,notice,see,watch.李华昨晚见到他们离开了。5)S+Vt+N/Porn+(宾)+participle（分词做宾补）Iheardmynamecalled./Ifeelsomethingmoving.他成功地使自己被别人明白了。刚才我看见孩子们正在河边玩。常用于这句型的动词有：catch，feel，find，get，have，hear，imagine，keep，leave，listento，lookat，notice，observe，perceive，see，set，smell，start，watch5)S+Vt+N/Porn+wh-word+infinitiveHeshowmehowtodoit.Answer:（一）一、Twodayspassed/wentby/havegone.Winteriscomingsoon./Winterwillcome.Theinjuredcatdied.Atrafficaccidenthappened.1)Helefthappily.Thegirlcameinquietly.Thewarendedpeacefully.Therainstoppedgradually.2)Hewillarriveat3o’clock.Thegroupofchildrenwenttoschoolonfoot.3)HegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.Hehopestobeadoctor.4)Wewillgofishingtomorrow.Iwillgoboatingtomorrow.Hewentshoppingyesterday.（二）1)Hetaughtmothslastyear.Wehavereceivedtheirletters./Wehaveheardfromthem.2)Hisfatherexpectedtoown/haveafactory.Hepretendedtobereading.Itry/attemptedtosolvetheproblem/question.3)Ithink/wonderwheretogotomorrow.Haveyoudecidedwhattobuy?/Doyoudecidewhattobuy?Iwonder/wanttoknowwhentosetoff/go/leave.4)HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.AuntLican’thelplaughing.Iexpecttoseeyoutomorrow./I’mlookingforwardtoseeing/meetingyou.(三)1)TheyareAmericans.IamanEnglishteacher./IamateacherofEnglish.Thatbookonthedeskismine.2)Aseveryoneknows,beefisverypopular/welcomeinBritain/England.Readingisuseful./Readingisofgreatuse.Thefoodinthefridge/refrigerator/iceboxhasgonebad.Theywerelateforschoolyesterday.3)Hisparentsareout.ThemovieaboutLuXunhasbeenonhalfanhour.4)Wereyouathomelastnight?Thatgirlisstillintheoffice.Heisinbadcondition./Heisinhospital.5)ThatstorywhichIheardyesterdaywasfrightening/horrifying.Thatbasketballmatch/gameisexciting.Thatbossissat