情态动词和虚拟语气

1第七章情态动词和虚拟语气168中学黄建多王景凤情态动词的考点Can的常见考点：(1)可以用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性。如：Eg:Accidentscanhappenonsuchrainydays.(2)否定语气较强时，用cat’t或couldn’t(不可能)。Eg:Afterwhathadhappened,hecouldnotcontinuetoworkthere.Youcan’tmistaketheircar;ithasgotbrightredlinealloverit.(3)can,could在疑问句中时，表示惊讶、困惑、不相信等。如：Thereissomeoneoutside,whocanitbe?Whatcantheybedoing?Couldhebeserious?Wherecanshehaveputit?(4)当说话者表达怀疑之意时，需要用may,might或could，其中might,could比may所表达的怀疑或犹豫之意更强。如：Thatmaybeourtaxi.Thatcan/couldbeourtaxi(butIdoubtit).(5)表示现在的能力，此时，can=beableto,如：Iamstarvingtodeath,Ican/amabletoeattwobowlsofricenow.(6)can/couldhavedonesth.①过去本来能够做某事，过去本来可以做某事(但却未做)②可能做过某事(表示对过去的推测)。如：①Icouldhaveworkedouttheproblem,butIwastoonervous.②Hecouldhavegonetobed,foritwastoolate.(7)can+动词原形表示对现在或将来的推测。如：Hecanbeadoctornow.Shecanbeateacherinthefuture.（8）cannotbutdosth.=can’thelpbutdosth.=can’tchoosebutdosth.=candonothingbutdosth.=havenochoicebuttodosth.表示“不得不，只好做某事”。如：Icannotbutchoosetogo.(9)cannot/never+be+adj+enough+todosth.=cannot/never+be+too+adj+todosth.表示“无论做…怎么样也不过分”。如：Youcanneverbecarefulenoughtodohomework.=Youcanneverbetoocarefultodohomework.Youcanneverbecarefulenoughinthestreet.=Youcanneverbetoocarefulinthestreet.Ican’tthankyoumuchenough.=Ican’tthankyoutoomuch.我无论怎么感谢你也不过分。Beableto的常见考点：(1)Wasabletodosth.=wassuccessfulindoingsth.=succeededindoingsth.=managedtodosth.过去成功做到某事。如：Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryonewasabletogetout.(2)willbeabletodosth.将来能够做某事Eg：Ifyouhaveagoodsleep,youwillbeabletoworkoutthisproblem.2Can与beableto的区别：（1）can常用于表示先天上的能力，beableto常用于表示后天习得的能力；（2）can只能用于一般现在时或一般过去时中，beableto能用于任何时态。如：Ifyouhaveagoodsleep,youwillbeabletoworkoutthisproblem.May的常见考点：（1）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。常有notsure作标志。如：Wemaygotothecinematonight,butwearenotsureyet.(2)当说话者表达怀疑之意时，需要用may,might或could，其中might,could比may所表达的怀疑或犹豫之意更强。如：Thatmaybeourtaxi.Thatcan/couldbeourtaxi(butIdoubtit).(3)may/mightnot也许不，表示可能但不是肯定无疑。如：Don’tworry.Yourfathermaynothavebeenhurtseriously.(4)回答may提问的疑问句，否定回答用mustn’t或can’t，肯定回答时用can或may。如:__________MayIwatchTV?__________No,youcan’t/mustn’t._________Yes,youcan/may.（5）maywelldosth.=beverylikelytodosth很有可能做某事Mayaswelldosth=hadbetterdosth.最好做某事Eg:①Hemaywellbeproudofhisson.=Heisverylikelytobeproudofhisson.②Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeher.=Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyouarenotlikelytorecognizeher.③Youmayaswelldoitatonce.=Youhadbetterdoitatonce.④Wemayaswellstaywherewewere.=Wehadbetterstaywherewewere.(6)may可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。如：Mayweneverforgeteachother.愿我们彼此永不相忘。Mayyoureturninsafety.愿你平安归来。Must的常见考点：(1)当说话者表达毫无疑问的结论时，需要用must,意为：一定，肯定。如：Hemustbethewantedman;heisexactlylikethispicture.(2)表示“硬要，偏要”。如：Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegoout.(3)mustn’t表示“不准”。如：Youmustn’tsmokehere.(4)回答must提问的疑问句，否定回答时用needn’t或don’thaveto，肯定回答时用must。如：__________MustIdohomeworknow?__________No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto__________Yes,youmust.(5)musthavedone肯定做过某事，表示对过去的推测。如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisquitemuddy.3(6)must+动词原形表示对现在或将来的推测。如：Hemustdohomeworknow.Shemustbeanurseinthefuture.Should/oughtto的常见考点：（1）表示推测出合乎理想的情况或结果，意为：按说应该。Eg:Heoughtto/shouldbehereintime-hestartedearlyenough.(2)should表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会，竟然”。如：Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你今天怎么来到得这么晚？HowshouldIknow?我怎么会知道？Thatheshouldspeaktoyoulikethatisquiteastonishing.他竟然那样对你说话，实在让人吃惊。Itisstrangethatheshouldhaveactedtowardhisparentslikethat.真奇怪他竟然那样对他父母。（3）should+动词原形表示现在或将来应该做某事，should+have+过去分词表示过去本该做某事（实际上未做）。Eg:Ishouldgoandvisithimthisafternoon,butIwonderifIwillbefree.Youshouldhavecometotheconferenceyesterday.[总结]表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较，从大到小的顺序为：Mustbeshould/oughttobecanbecouldbemaybemightbe肯定是按说应该是可能是也许是shall的常见考点：（1）shall与第二、第三人称连用，表示威胁、命令、警告、允诺或一定会出现的情况。如：①Youshallleavetheroomatonce,andhealsoshall.②Youshallhaveabikeifyouhavefinishedyourhomework.③Shallthedriverwaitoutside?Whenshallmyfatherbeabletoleavehospital?(2)shall也可以用于宣布法律、规定。如：Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesshallremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.(3)shall可以用于主动提出帮忙或提出建议。如：______Whatisyourname?______Khulaifi.ShallIspellthatforyou?Will/would的常见考点：1，可以用来叙述真理，表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。如：Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Oilwillfloatonwater.Engineswon’trunwithoutlubricants（润滑剂）.2，will可以叙述目前的习惯，would（would’t）可以叙述过去的习惯。如：Shewilllistentorecordsaloneinherroomforhours.Hewouldspendhoursinherroom.[注意]would和usedto都表示过去的习惯，但前者表示过去反复的动作，常与every4day,often,frequently等连用，不强调与现在的对比性；usedto表示过去的状态或过去的习惯现在已不存在，强调与现在的对比性。如：Whenhewasabroad,hewouldreadasmanybooksaspossible.Shedoesn’tgetupsoearlyassheusedto.3,will,shall表示将来，有时含有偶然性，临时性的决定（常考在对话中）。如：——DoyouknowMr.Smithhascometoourtown?_____No,Iwillgoandvisithimrightnow.4,will,shall与各种人称连用，用于陈述句，表示主语的意志或决心，常翻译成“愿意”。如：Youcanstayaslongasyoucan,ifyouwill.Need的常见考点：(1)Need既可以当情态动词讲，也可以当实意动词讲。当情态动词讲时，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句或否定句中。当实意动词讲时，常用于needtodosth,needsth句型。如：Needyoudohomework?=Doyouneedtodohomework?Youneedn’tplaycomputergames.=Youdon’tneedtoplaycomputergames.Ineedtostudyhardnow.Weneedalotofknowledgeintoday’sworld.(2)need的一般疑问句做肯定回答时，需要用must。否定回答时还是用needn’t。如：_________NeedIgiveupsmoking?_________Yes,