英语句子成分与结构

英语句子成分及简单句型结构一、介绍与其重要性学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种。定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语二、英语句子成分分析解读找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。及物动词(vt.)：及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。如：HereachedParis.不及物动词（vi.）：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。如:Look!Sheissinging.Lookatmecarefully!类似的还有：agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed...易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：误：dealaproblem正：dealwithaproblem处理问题误：dependsb.正：dependonsb.依靠（依赖）某人误：insistdoingsth.正：insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事误：knockthedoor正：knockon[at]thedoor敲门误：operatesb.正：operateonsb.为某人做手术误：participatesth.正：participateinsth.参加某事误：refersth.正：refertosth.查阅（参考)某物误：relysb./sth.正：relyonsb./sth.依靠（依赖）误：replyaletter正：replytoaletter回信（四）表语（八）同位语summaryExercises:分析句子成分1.Timefliesfast.2.Therewillbeagoodmealforusatouraunt’s.3.Theriverosetenfeetinthenight.4.Iheardhimshout.5.Heboughtsomesweetsforhisson.6.Iprefermycoffeehot.7.Don’tworryaboutme;justtakecareofyourself.8.Youcanrelyonhimtodoanythingthatisnecessary.9.Alotofnoiseisgoingonoutside.10.Thelittlegirlcandressherselfnow.11.Itwasapitythatyoudidn’twatchthatwonderfulmatch.12.Ifeltmyheartbeatrapidly.13.Doyouwanttocometotheparty?14.Weshoulddosomethingtohelpthestudentsindifficulties.15.Howlonghaveyouworkedinthehospital?三、英语简单句的构成基本句型：主语+系动词+表语（主系表）主语+不及物动词+（其他成分）主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补课堂练习：分析下列句子的句型结构1.Youareastudent.2.Hefelthappytoday.3.Whatyousaidmademehappy.4.CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5.Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.6.Helikespopmusic.7.Istayedawakeuntil11:30oneeveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself.8.Annenamedherdiarykittybecauseshethoughtitwasherbestfriend.课后练习一、选择题。1.Shetriedhard,butshestillcouldn'tmakeus________ourmind.A.tochangeB.changedC.changeD.changing2.Whentheoldladyisaloneinthehouse,herdogmakesherfeel______andrelaxed.A.healthyB.lonelyC.safeD.angry3.AsEdisongrew______,heneverlosthisinterestinscience.A.theelderB.elderC.theolderD.older4.It’snotpolitetostandbyandlookedattheoldman_____.A.ismadefunofB.beingmadefunofC.ismadefunD.beingmadefun5.Theoldmovieremindedthem_____thewonderfultimetheyhadspenttogether.A.toB.forC.inD.of6.I'dliketo________youressaywithyouwhenyouhavetime.A.gooverB.gobyC.goforD.goafter7.Thereportshowedusveryclearlyhowtheplanegot_______andcrashedintheend.A.intocontrolB.withincontrolC.outofcontrolD.undercontrol8.Mostofthemachinesintheworkshop__________nextmonth.A.arerepairedB.havebeenrepairedC.wererepairedD.willberepaired9.Whenapplyingforajob,youhaveto________aresume.A.getoffB.handinC.putoutD.takeaway10.Thewine________alittlebitterthistime.A.tastesB.soundsC.looksD.feels11.Thebosstoldhissecretaryto________thedocumentsforlateruse.A.putawayB.turnonC.makeupD.breakout12.Weshould_____thisinmind:Don’tjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.A.bearB.putC.placeD.print13.IfIworkinasmallfactory;itisnot_________formetogainmuchexperience.A.weeklyB.friendlyC.likelyD.lively14.Thevillagershaveofferedmuchhelptousandwethinkweshoulddosomethingforthem_____.A.inreturnB.inplaceC.infashionD.indanger15.Accordingtothetimetable，thetrainforBeijing______at9:10p.m.fromMondaytoFriday.A.wasleavingB.isleavingC.leavesD.hasleft16.__________isquitedifficultforMarytopasstheinterview.A.WhatB.ThisC.ThatD.It17.Mr.Blackislookingforwardto_________hisChinesepartnersoon.A.seeingB.seeC.beseeingD.haveseen18.Itriedhard,butIcouldn'tfindthe________totheproblem.A.solutionB.helpC.replyD.demand19.English,theyhavetostudyasecondforeignlanguage.A.ExceptB.ExceptforC.BesideD.Besides20.Shegaveupher_______asareporterattheageof25.A.careerB.interestC.lifeD.habit21.ThismorningwhenIwaswalkingtomyoffice,I_________toseeanoldfriendofmineneartheofficebuilding.A.occurredB.happenedC.managedD.settled22._______writingalettertothemanager,hedecidedtotalktohiminperson.A.DuetoB.BecauseofC.AsforD.Insteadof23.Itwillonlytakemeaminutetogetyourwatchfixed;itwillbeready_____.A.bythewayB.rightawayC.atlastD.inthatcase24.AsfarasI'mconcerned,Idon'tlike_________inthatway.A.tobetreatedB.totreatC.treatedD.treating25.Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfieldsfind_____difficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.A.themB.themselvesC.itD.itself26.Onlywhenwehurriedtotheairport______theflightwascancelled.A.wefoundB.didwefindC.havewefoundD.wehavefound27.Thisnovelisworthreading,becauseitgivesadetaileddescriptionofthehistorical________in1949.A.accidentsB.casesC.eventsD.things28._______,afriendofMrs.Blackfoundthewatchshehadlosttwodaysbefore.A.EspeciallyB.UsuallyC.GenerallyD.Fortunately29.Thenewspaper________twopeoplewerekilledintheaccident.