-身份迷失-的话语象似性表征-以-省略-尔夫-埃里森的小说-隐形人-为例-毛延生

20142301ForeignLanguageandLiteraturebimonthlyFeb．2014Vol．30No．1“”———·《》毛延生王军150001、。。《》I072.074A1674－6414201401－0030－06OntheIconicＲepresentationofIdentityLossWithTheInvisibleManbyＲalphEllisonasaCaseMAOYan-shengWANGJunAbstractThepaperattemptstonaildowntheiconicrepresentationofidentitylossinthenovelTheInvisibleMan．Thefol-lowingfindingsarearrivedattheidentitylossoftheherointhenovelismanifestedinmorethanoneleveloflinguisticico-nicitylexicaliconicitysyntacticiconicityandpragmaticiconicitythelinguisticinterpretationofliterarytextsnotonlycanshedlightonliterarycriticismunderthelinguisticfactsandguidancebutalsoprovesthepracticalityofempiricalanal-ysisofliterarythemeswiththehelpoflinguisticmethodologies．KeywordsiconicityidentitylossTheInvisibleMan、《》“”。167“”。。22《》“。”33“”“”“”“”。4842。“”4841。·《》。。5《》。、、《》。、·ＲalphEllison1914－199420。《》1952。6133－1380320141。“”7。。《》。8。。。《》·。、《》“”、、、、918“、”10。。923Sweetser。11。《》。1．“身份迷失”的词汇象似性建构。《》。1946Householder90%9%。《》。。。1。。《》。“。”12。1《》2。1TakethemanwhomIalmostkilledWhowasre-sponsibleforthatnearmurder—IIdon’tthinksoandIre-fuseit．Iwon’tbuyit．Youcan’tgiveittome．Hebumpedmeheinsultedme．Shouldn’theforhisownpersonalsafetyhaverecognizedmyhysteriamy“dangerpotential”Heletussaywaslostinadreamworld．Butdidn’thecontrolthatdreamworld—whichalasisonlytooreal—anddidn’therulemeoutofitAndifhehadyelledforapolicemanwouldn’tIhavebeentakenfortheoffendingone2Iamaninvisibleman．NoIamnotaspooklikethosewhohauntedEdgarAllanPoenoramIoneofyourHolly-wood－movieectoplasms．Iamamanofsubstanceoffleshandbonefiberandliquids—andImightevenbesaidtopossessamind．Iaminvisibleunderstandsimplybecausepeoplerefusetoseeme．LikethebodilessheadsyouseesometimesincircussideshowsitisasthoughIhavebeensurroundedbymirrorsofharddistortingglass．Whentheyapproachmetheyseeonlymysurroundingsthemselvesorfigmentsoftheirimagination—indeedeverythingandanythingexceptme．2。“NO”“NOＲ”。。。2。《》———。1321320141。“”。。14“”———“”。。《》。。。33MostofthetimealthoughIdonotchooseasIoncedidtodenytheviolenceofmydaysbyignoringitIamnotsoovertlyviolent．IrememberthatIaminvisibleandwalksoftlysoasnottoawakenthesleepingones．Sometimesitisbestnottoawakenthemtherearefewthingsintheworldasdangerousassleepwalkers．Ilearnedintimethoughthatitispossibletocarryonafightagainstthemwithouttheirrealizingit．ForinstanceIhavebeencarryingonafightwithMonopolatedLight＆Powerforsometimenow．Iusetheirserviceandpaythemnothingatallandtheydon’tknowit．3。I“I”“I”。15《》。2．“身份迷失”的句法象似性表征19“、。”16“”。“”“”17166－167。“”“”、。18《》。1。19。20《》。。。。。。《》。44IfeltlikecursingasIwatchedherhurryingbackin-tothebuildinghearingherflat-heeledshoescrunchingthegraveledwalk．Hereshewasplayingwithsomesillysecretcodeattheveryminutemyfatefortherestofmylifewasbeingde-cided．Thegrasswasgreenandthey’dmeetandshe’dbesenthomepregnantbutevensoinlessdisgracethanIGivón“＞＞＞＞”“”salience。“——”21un-marked“——”。4。“flat-heeled”“graveled”“beingdecided”“besent”。。2162－6722。。2320141。551IamnotcomplainingnoramIprotestingeither．2Itissometimesadvantageoustobeunseenalthoughitismostoftenratherwearingonthenerves．3Thentooyou’reconstantlybeingbumpedagainstbythoseofpoorvision．4Oragainyouoftendoubtifyoureallyexist．5Youwonderwhetheryouaren’tsimplyaphantominotherpeople’sminds．6Sayafigureinanightmarewhichthesleepertrieswithallhisstrengthtodestroy．It’swhenyoufeellikethisthatoutofresentmentyoubegintobumppeopleback．7Andletmeconfessyoufeelthatwaymostofthetime．8Youachewiththeneedtoconvinceyourselfthatyoudoexistintherealworldthatyou’reapartofallthesoundandanguishandyoustrikeoutwithyourfistsyoucurseandyousweartomakethemrecog-nizeyou．9Andalasit’sseldomsuccessful．5。“Ihedgedlyas-sertthat”23220。。232、7、92Itissometimesadvantageoustobeunseenalthoughitismostoftenratherwearingonthenerves．7Andletmeconfessyoufeelthatwaymostofthetime．9Andalasit’sseldomsuccessful．2“rather”。7“letmeconfess”。“mostofthetime”。9“never”“never”“seldom”。23221。。3．“身份迷失”的语用象似性呈现。。。———Bohm、。24《》“”。。《》。。1、、。25。26210－217。、。。2728。29Mey。26206－218N＜F。N＞F。。《》66“Brothersandsistersmytextthismorningisthe‘BlacknessofBlackness’．”Andacongregationofvoicesanswered“Thatblacknessismostblackbrothermostblack”“Inthebeginning”3320141“Attheverystart”theycried．“therewasblackness”“Preachit”“andthesun”“ThesunLawd”“wasbloodyred”“Ｒed”“Nowblackis”thepreachershouted．“Bloody”“Isaidblackis”“Preachitbrother”“an‘blackain’t”“ＲedLawdredHesaidit’sred”“Amenbrother”“Blackwillgityou”“Yesitwill”“an’blackwon’t”“Nawitwon’”“Itdo”“ItdoLawd”“an’itdon’t．”“Halleluiah”。。。。。22－12、6。。。。。。“”。。———/。2。《》。。。。。7Myholeiswarmandfulloflight．Yesfulloflight．IdoubtifthereisabrighterspotinallNewYorkthanthisholeofmineandIdonotexcludeBroadway．OrtheEmpireStateBuildingonaphotographer’sdreamnight．Butthatistakingadvantageofyou．Thosetwospotsareamongthedarkestofourwholecivilization—pardonmeourwholecultureanimpor-tantdistinctionI’veheard—whichmightsoundlikeahoaxoracontradictionbutthatbycontradictionImeanishowtheworldmovesNotlikeanarrowbutaboomerang．Bewareofthosewhospeakofthespiralofhistor