必修三-Unit3-The-Million-Pound-Bank-Note-语法Grammar

Unit3TheMillionPoundNoteLearningaboutlanguage高一人教新课标版必修三指出下列在句中所做的成分。1.Theworldlovesnature.2.Knowledgeispower.3.WeChinesearepeace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicative名词名词性从句（NounClauses）主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词。TextbookP91主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.主语从句宾语{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.宾语从句表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{表语从句同位语{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.同位语从句名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause什么叫名词性从句？它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词性从句中的连接词有:连词:that/whether/if连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/wheneverIknowhim.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语(简单句)主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句(复合句)一、ObjectClauses宾语从句Itdependsonwhetheryoucandotheworkwell.连词宾语从句________________________介词动词介词+从句———宾语从句形容词I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.I.句子结构：主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句1.Oliverbelieves________withamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.2.ItisHenry,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknow_____heshoulddo.3.Mayweaskwhatyou’redoinginthiscountryand______yourplansare?4.Idon’tknow________Icouldsurviveuntilmorning.5.I’mafraid_______it’sveryfunny.6.Pleasepaymoreattentionto_____hesaid.thatwhatwhatwhether(that)what连词由that在从句不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,常省略。II.连词的作用1.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.2.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.3.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：①当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,第二个that不能省；②当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。③用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。if/whether翻译成:“是否”,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。介词+whetherWhether…or\ornotIdon’tknowornotIwillstay.IworryaboutIhurtherfeelings.whetherwhether3)当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)或连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导,因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义,所以不可以省略。III.时态Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.1)主句:现在的时态(包括一般现在时，现在进行时,现在完成时)从句:根据实际情况而定(包括一般现在时,一般过时,一般将来时,现在完成时等)。2)主句:过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时)从句:一定用相对应的过去的某种时态(一般过去时，过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。3)当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.1.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)2.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)3.LingFengtoldmehe_________totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)Exercisewrotehastakenhadbeen4.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)5.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)6.Tomsaysthatthey____________(play).basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.7.Ihearthey______________(return)italready.8.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)willbegoeswereplayinghavereturnedhadbeen•Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.•Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.IV.语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestationD2.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike3.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive4.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisCBDPractice:1.Ithink______________________.2.Idon’tthink_________________.3.Weallagreed_______________.4.Theyasked__________________.5.Hismothersaid_______________.6.Idon’tdoubt________________.练一练:if/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?1)could/would是委婉语气,而不是过去式,因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。4.注意事项Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?2)如果主句的谓语动词是ask时,连词不可能是that;如果主句的谓语动词是say时,连词用that。Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.3)否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。4)It常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作形式宾语：it不仅可以作形式主语,还可以作形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.whether与if的辨用表“是否”时,在下列情况下用whether。a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if5)连词if和when在不同从句中的区别：CDoyouknowif______backnextweek?Ifhe_