美国内战英语简介报告

CindyChoi(HMC)CindyChoi(HMC)CindyChoi(HMC)•Theunionarmysoldierscorpsewillbecollectiveburied（picturedin1864onMay19）CindyChoi(HMC)Whatcanyouseeinthesepictures？CindyChoi(HMC)AmericanCivilWar•TheAmericanCivilWar(1861–1865)wasacivilwarintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Itissometimescalled“TheWarBetweentheStates”,whichisthelargestcivilwarinAmericanhistory.[南北战争,又称美国内战,是美国历史上一场大规模的内战,参战双方为美利坚合众国(简称联邦)和美利坚联盟国(简称邦联)。]CindyChoi(HMC)2014PresentationCindyChoi(HMC)Aboutthewar:•Cause•Process•Result&EffectCindyChoi(HMC)Cause1.Rootreason:Duetothecontradictionbetweenthesouthernplantationeconomyandthecapitalisteconomyinthenorth,mostblackslaveswerebroughttothesouthandclaimforindependence.2.Directreason:TheelectionofAbrahamLincolnasthepresidentinNovember1860wasthefinaltriggerforsecession(脱离).CindyChoi(HMC)ComparisonofUnionandCSANorthSouth23States,3/4oftheentireterritory11StatesUnionConfederateIndustrialeconomyAgriculturaleconomyBlueCoatsGreyCoatsUSACSAAlargepopulationof22millionpeople9millionpeopleincluding3.8millionslaves邦联联邦CindyChoi(HMC)Process•Beginningdate:1861.4•OnApril12,theCivilWarbeganwithshotsfiredonthefort.Withnolossoflife,FortSumtereventuallywassurrenderedtothestateofSouthCarolina.CindyChoi(HMC)Process•ThewholeAmericanCivilWarwasfoughtinthreeimportantlandareas,or“theaters”:•TheEasternTheater(东部战场1861–1863)•TheWesternTheater(西部战场1861–1863)•TheTrans-MississippiTheater(泛密西西比战场1861–1865)CindyChoi(HMC)Process•TheHomesteadActs(1862.5)wereseveralUnitedStatesfederallawsthatgaveanapplicantownershipofland,typicallycalledahomestead,atlittleornocost.CindyChoi(HMC)Process•OnJanuary1,1863,LincolnissuedtheEmancipationProclamation(解放宣言),whichgrantedfreedomtoallslavesincludingthoseinareasstillcontrolledbytheConfederacy.CindyChoi(HMC)Process•UncleTom'sCabinisanovelaboutthemid-19thcenturyanditisananti-slaverynovelbyAmericanauthorHarrietBeecherStowe.Publishedin1852,thenovelhelpedlaythegroundworkfortheCivilWar,accordingtoWillKaufman.UncleTom'sCabinwasthebest-sellingnovelofthe19thcenturyandthesecondbest-sellingbookofthatcentury,followingtheBible.Itiscreditedwithhelpingfueltheabolitionistcauseinthe1850s.CindyChoi(HMC)Process•Endingdate:•1865.4.9•CivilWarendedwhenLeesurrenderedtoGrantatAppomattoxCourtHouse.CindyChoi(HMC)Result•Northwon!•1865.6.4.theSouthsurrendered.Itwastheendofthewar.•1.TheSouthwasdefeated,thewardramaticallychangedthebalanceofpower,theSouthlostitssubstantialinfluence.CindyChoi(HMC)Result•2.TheCivilWartookalargerhumantollthananyotherwarinAmericanhistory.Thedeathcountstoodat360,000Unionsoldiersand260,000Confederates.•3.TheWarcreateda“moreperfectUnion”inplaceoftheprewarfederationofstates.Thenationbecamemoreunited.CindyChoi(HMC)Effect•1.Theabolitionofslavery.•2.Theinventionandinnovation(theironclad,revolvers;shotguns;Mosscodeandthetelegraphcommunication.)•3.SecessionillegalBeforetheWar,theSouththoughtthesecessionwaslegal,buttheNorthdidnotthinkso.AftertheNorthwon,theymadesecessionillegal.CindyChoi(HMC)Effect•Worldwide•1.WeakenedtheBritishEmpire’shegemonyintheworld.•2.“Declarationoftheliberationofblackslaves”theliberatedlotsoflabor.•3.PromotedthedevelopmentofnationalcapitalisteconomyandlaidthefoundationforthepostWorldWarII’shegemonyintheworld.CindyChoi(HMC)Question•WhatwasthecauseoftheAmericanCivilWar?•AmericanslaveryexistedafterthefirstimmigrantsfromEuropefoundedtheirsettlements.TheissueslaverybecamethefocusinAmericanpolitics,economicsandculturallife.CindyChoi(HMC)Others•Movies•《乱世佳人》（又名《飘》）GonewiththeWind•《冷山》ColdMountain•《众神与将军》GodsandGenerals•《盖茨堡之役》（英文原著《天使杀手》）BattleofGettysburg•《光荣战役》Glory•《与魔鬼共骑》RidewiththeDevil•《黄金三镖客》TheGood,theBad,theUgly•《一个国家的诞生》TheBirthofaNation•《林肯总统：吸血鬼猎人》AbrahamLincoln:VampireHunter•《林肯传》Lincoln（该片获得奥斯卡最佳男主角奖）•Novels•《飘》Gonewiththewind•《小妇人》LittleWoman•《汤姆叔叔的小屋》UncleTom’sCabin•《姊妹》CindyChoi(HMC)