大学四级英语试卷

大学四级英语套题阅读理解Directions:Inthissectiontherearesomepassages.EachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatementswithfourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).Youaresupposedtoreadthepassageandmakethebestchoicetocompleteeachquestionorunfinishedstatement.Thentypetheanswerintheblankonthewebpage.[题数:10;分数:20分;参考时间:20分0秒]题57-61Passage1Formorethanyearswehaveknown,orcouldhaveknown,thatthereisanunconscioustocounterbalanceconsciousness.Medicalpsychologyhasfurnishedallthenecessaryempirical(经验主义的)andexperimentalproofsofanunconsciouspsychicrealitythatdemonstrablyinfluencesconsciousnessandbehavior.Allthisisknown,butnopracticalconclusionshavebeendrawnfromit.Westillgoonthinkingandactingasifweweresimplexandnotduplex.Accordingly,weimagineourselvestobeinnocuous,reasonable,andhumane.Wedonotthinkofdistrustingourmotives,orofaskingourselveshowtheinnermanfeelsaboutthethingswedointheoutsideworld,butactuallyitisfrivolous(无关紧要的),superficial,andunreasonableofus,aswellaspsychicallyunhygienic(不洁净的),tooverlookthereactionandviewpointoftheunconscious.Onecanregardone'sstomachorheartasunimportantorevenworthyofcontempt,butneverthelessovereatingandoverexertionhaveconsequencesthataffectthewholeman.Yetwethinkthatpsychicmistakesandtheirconsequencescanbeerasedbymerewords,forpsychicmeanslessthanairtomostpeople.Allthesame,nobodycandenythatwithoutthepsychetherewouldbenoworldatallandstilllessahumanworld.Virtuallyeverythingdependsonthehumansoulanditsfunctions.Itisworthyofalltheattentionwecangiveit,especiallytodaywheneveryoneadmitsthatthewealorwoeofthefuturewillbedecidedofworld-wideepidemics,butratherbythepsychicchangesinman.Onlyanalmostimperceptibledisturbanceofequilibrium(平衡)inafewofourrulers'headscouldplungetheworldintoblood,fire,andradio-activity.Thetechnicalmeanstothisdestructionareavailabletobothsides.Andcertainconsciousdeliberations,uncontrolledbyaninneropponent,canbealltooeasilyindulged,aswehavealreadyseenfromtheexampleofoneleader.Theconsciousnessofmodernmanstillclingssomuchtooutwardobjectsthathebelievesthemexclusivelyresponsible,asifitwereonthemthatdecisionsdepended.Thatthepsychicstateofcertainindividualscouldemancipate(释放)itselfforoncefromthebehaviorofobjectsissomethingthatisconsideredfartoolittle,althoughirrationalitiesofthissortareobservedeverydayandcanhappentoeveryone.√57.Theauthorofthisselectionmostlikelyisa____.[A]theologian[B]minister[C]psychologist[D]physician【参考答案】：C【学生得分】：2.0【题目解析】：作者在这篇文章里指出长期以来人们对潜意识的作用认识不够，他强调我们应该重视潜意识在人们心理、行为中的作用，力求达到潜意识与心理意识之间的平衡。由此可以推理得知作者是位心理学者。√58.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthisselectionwasto____.[A]underscoretheimportanceofthestudyofpsychology[B]pointoutthedangerofignoringthepsychicchangesinman[C]emphasizethedangerofatomicwartomankind[D]belittletheimportanceofman'sphysicalnature【参考答案】：B【学生得分】：2.0【题目解析】：读完全文后不难看出，作者在强调人们应该重视潜意识(心理)作用的同时也提醒人们忽视这种作用会带来的可能危险，这种危险的论述主要体现在第二段后两句话中，“不可否认没有了心理，也就没有了世界，没有了人类社会。实际上任何事情都取决于人的精神及其功能。”所以这篇文章的主要目的就是告诫人们无视人类心理及其变化的危险。因而选择B)为正确答案。×59.Twowordswhichtheauthorusesinterchangeablyare____[A]mindandbody[B]heartandsoul[C]soulandpsyche[D]stomachandheart【参考答案】：C【学生得分】：0.0【题目解析】：文章第二段为答案出处。第三句话讲没有了psyche(心理)也就没有了世界，第四句顺承说到“实际上任何事情都取决于人的soul(精神)及其功能”，所以全文交替使用的最为明显的一组词应该是psyche和soul。√60.Thewriterbelievesthatthefateoftheworldmaydependupon____.[A]abalancebetweentheconsciousandtheunconsciousisthemindsofourleaders[B]consciousdeliberationsattheconferencetable[C]man'presentcontentmentwithhisownhumaneness[D]theeffortsofscientiststoproducethetechnicalmeanstodestroytheenemy【参考答案】：A【学生得分】：2.0【题目解析】：根据文章第三段第一句话，:“少数领导心理的木易察觉的紊乱与不平就会把世界推向流血、战火甚至核战争中。”而且作者还借用theexampleofone“leader.”暗指希特勒来证明他的论断，所以可以推知世界的和平可以说与领导者的心理平和息息相关。×61.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedthat____.[A]menaretoodistrustfuloftheirmotives[B]althoughmotivescanbeeitherconsciousorunconscious,onlytheconsciouscan-directthem[C]itisunhealthytodelve(钻研)toodeeplyintoone'smotives[D]thepsycheisvitaltothefunctioningofahumanworld【参考答案】：D【学生得分】：0.0【题目解析】：通过对全文的分析，可以看出作者没有明确提出但已点到的一个论点是人的心理对人类社会的正常运作至关重要。所以选择D)应该为正确答案。题62-66Passage2Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplants,butfromwhatweobserveofpreindustrialsocietythatstillexist,adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.Thisislogical.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidoralllivingthings,evenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormouslyimportanttothewelfareofpeoples.Notonlyforfood,butalsoforclothing,weapons,tools,dyes,medicines,shelterandagreatmanyotherpurpose.TribeslivingtodayinthejunglesoftheAmazonrecognizeliterallyhundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Unfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants,andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.Yeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonanamazingamountofbotanicalknowledge,andfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearose,anapple,oranorchid.WhenourNeolithicancestors,livingintheMiddleEastabout10,000yearsago,discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthe,nextseason,thefirstgreatstepinan