William-Blake

Auguriesofinnocence天真的预兆一沙一世界，一花一天堂。无限掌中置，刹那成永恒。——徐志摩（译）ToseeaWorldinaGrainofSand，AndaHeaveninaWildFlower，HoldInfinityinthepalmofyourhand，AndEternityinanhour.WilliamBlake(1757-1827)WilliamBlakePoetandPainterEngraver雕刻师Developedownmythology/religionFirstmajor“Romantic”poetBorninLondonon28November1757thesonofahosier.Williamdidnotattendschool,andwaseducatedathomebyhismother.Attheageof10heenteredadrawingschoolandlaterstudiedforatimeattheschooloftheRoyalAcademyofArts.At14,BlakebecameapprenticedtoengraverJamesBasireofGreatQueenStreet,forthetermofsevenyears.Attheageof21,hewastobecomeaprofessionalengraver.At24hemarriedCatherineBoucher.Later,inadditiontoteachingCatherinetoreadandwrite,hetrainedherasanengraver.In1800,BlakemovedtoacottageatFelphaminSussextotakeupajobillustrating阐明theworksofWilliamHayley,aminor次要的，二流的poet.InAugust1803Blake'stroublewithauthoritycametoahead,whenhewasinvolvedinaphysicalaltercationwithasoldiercalledJohnSchofield.In1804BlakereturnedtoLondonandbegantowriteandillustrateJerusalem耶路撒冷,hismostambitiousworkLaterinhislifeBlakebegantosellagreatnumberofhisworks,particularlyhisBibleillustrations,toThomasButts.Hediedinhisseventiethyear.PoliticallyBlackwasarebel,makingfriendswiththoseradicals激进分子.Hestronglycriticizedthecapitalistcruelexploitation.HecherishedgreatexpectationsandenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution.Heoncesaidthedarksatanicmillsleftmenemployed,killedchildrenandforcedprostitution.LiterarilyBlackwasthefirstimportantromanticpoet,showingcontemptfortheruleofreason,oppositetheclassicaltraditionofthe18thcentury,andtreasuringtheindividual'simagination.MajorLiteraryWorksPoeticalSketches素描诗集(1783):hisearliestpoems,fullofjoy,laughter,loveandharmonySongsofInnocence(1789):presentahappyandinnocentworld,thoughwithitsevilsandsufferingsTheMarriageofHeavenandHell(1790):hisfirstprophetical预言的workandmostimportantprosework;exploretherelationshipofthecontrariesSongsofExperience(1794):presentaworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytoneJerusalem耶路撒冷:TheEmanationoftheGiantAlbion(1820):hislongestilluminatedwork;expoundhistheoryofImaginationBlake’sworksSongsofInnocenceSongsofExperienceSongsofInnocence/ExperienceSongsofInnocence(19)TheShepherdTheLambTheChimneySweeperHolyThursdayNightSpringADreamOnAnother'sSorrowSongsofExperience(26)TheChimneySweeperTheSickRoseTheTygerAh!Sun-Flower(atwikisource)TheLilyLondonAPoisonTreeSongsofInnocence(1789)UsingalanguagewhichevenlittlebabiescanlearnbyheartPresentingahappyandinnocentworldwithoutevilsandsufferingsEverythingseemstobeinpiousharmony.However,in“Thelittleblackboy”and“Thechimneysweeper”,wefindracialdiscriminationandsufferingsofthepoor.AhappyandinnocentworldwithoutevilsandsufferingsTheChimneySweeperTheChimneySweeperisthetitleoftwopoemsbyWilliamBlake,publishedinSongsofInnocencein1789andSongsofExperiencein1794.Intheearlierpoem,ayoungchimneysweeperrecountsadreamhadbyoneofhisfellows,inwhichanangelrescuestheboysfromcoffinsandtakesthemtoasunnymeadow;inthelaterpoem,anapparentlyadultspeakerencountersachildchimneysweeperabandonedinthesnowwhilehisparentsareatchurch.WhenmymotherdiedIwasveryyoung,Andmyfathersoldmewhileyetmytongue,Couldscarcelycry'weep!'weep!'weep!'weep!SoyourchimneysIsweep,andinsootIsleep.There'slittleTomDacre,whocriedwhenhishead,Thatcurledlikealamb'sback,wasshaved:soIsaid,Hush,Tom!nevermindit,forwhenyourhead'sbare,Youknowthatthesootcannotspoilyourwhitehair.Andsohewasquiet;andthatverynight,AsTomwasa-sleeping,hehadsuchasight,Thatthousandsofsweepers,Dick,Joe,Ned,andJack,Wereallofthemlockedupincoffinsofblack.TheChimneySweeperAndbycameanangelwhohadabrightkey,Andheopenedthecoffinsandsetthemallfree;Thendownagreenplainleaping,laughing,theyrun,Andwashinariver,andshineinthesun.Thennakedandwhite,alltheirbagsleftbehind,Theyriseuponcloudsandsportinthewind;AndtheangeltoldTom,ifhe'dbeagoodboy,He'dhaveGodforhisfather,andneverwantjoy.AndsoTomawoke;andweroseinthedark,Andgotwithourbagsandourbrushestowork.Thoughthemorningwascold,Tomwashappyandwarm;TheChimneySweeper我母亲死的时候，我还小得很,我父亲把我拿出来卖给了别人,我当时还不大喊得清，“扫呀——扫！”我就扫你们烟囱，裹煤屑睡觉.有个小托姆，头发卷得像小羊头,剃光的时候，哭得好伤心，好难受,我就说：“小托姆，不要紧，光了脑袋,打起来煤屑就不会糟踏你白头发。”他就安安静静了，当天夜里，托姆睡着了，事情就来得稀奇，他看见千千万万的扫烟囱小孩，阿猫阿狗全都给锁进了黑棺材。扫烟囱的孩子——译文后来来了个天使，拿了把金钥匙，开棺材放出了孩子们（真是好天使！）他们就边跳，边笑，边跑过草坪，到河里洗了澡，太阳里晒得亮晶晶。光光的，白白的，把袋子都抛个一，他们就升上了云端，在风里游戏；“只要你做个好孩子，”天使对托姆说，“上帝会做你的父亲，你永远快乐。”托姆就醒了；屋子里黑咕隆咚，我们就起来拿袋子、扫帚去做工。大清早尽管冷，托姆的心里可温暖；这叫做：各尽本分，就不怕灾难。扫烟囱的孩子——译文TheSickRose病玫瑰Orose,thouartsick!Theinvisibleworm,Thatfliesinthenight,Inthehowlingstorm,HasfoundoutthybedOfcrimsonjoy,AndhisdarksecretloveDoesthylifedestroy.噢玫瑰，你病了！那无形的飞虫乘着黑夜飞来了在风暴呼号中。找到了你的床钻进红色的欢欣；他的黑暗而隐秘的爱毁了你的生命。TheSickRoseSongsofExperience(1794)Paintsadifferentworld,aworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytone.AnumberofpoemsfromtheSongsofInnocencealsofindacounterpartintheSongsofExperience.Forinstance,thepureLambispairedwiththeflamingTyger.IntroductionofTheLambandTheTygerTHELAMBLittleLambwhomadethee小羊羔，谁创造了你？