第十课 英语鼻音辅音和半元音修改版

英语鼻音辅音(Nasals)/m//n//ŋ//m/为双唇音;/n/为舌尖齿龈音;/ŋ/为舌根软腭音音素体验m-mymaymatch-mamhimname-m-womansimplealmost容易出现的错误1.普通话里没有以/m/结尾的音节，因此有些学生读以/m/结尾的单词时会把这个音吞掉。如name,some。2.还有些学生用中文的“木”取代/m/音。英音美音区别美音中如果以/m/开头，鼻化音比英式英语要重得多。试比较mouth和milk不同读法。音素体验n-nonowneed-nintonlearn-n-kn-winterknowfinishenough容易出现的错误1.有些学生读以/n/结尾的单词时会在/n/前加上一个弱元音/e/，听起来像中文中的”嗯”。2.当此音出现在某些元音后面时，有些学生把它读成了/ŋ/。如把sitdown的down读成/daŋ/，comeon的on读成/aŋ/.3.华中地区的学生经常/l//n/不分，试比较：name,lame,knife和life。英音美音区别美音中如果以/n/开头，鼻化音比英式英语要重得多。试比较now和no不同读法。音素体验-ngringthingsong-n(k)bankpinkthink-n(g)-angerEnglishhungry容易出现的错误1.注意singer的读音/siŋə/，不要读成/singə/。2.以ing结尾的单词读成/in/，如sing,ting。注：美语非正式语体中经常使用这种读法。3.另外，还有部分学生在/ŋ/后喜欢添加/g/，把sing读成/siŋg/，long读成/lɔŋg/。英音美音区别美语非正式语体中经常会将以ing结尾的单词读成/in/，如sing,ting。对话演练(dialogues)1)A:Didyouhaveagoodtimelastnight?B:Yes，I’mfondofsingingandmadaboutdancing.A:Oh，metoo.ButIstayedathomelastnight.B:NextFriday,momwillholdapartyforme.Atthattimelet’shaveagoodtime.A:Iappreciateit.Thanks.2)A:DoyoulikeMiami?B:Idon’tlikeitmuch.Andmymotherdoesn’tlikeiteither.Butweoftencomehere.A:Idon’tunderstand.Why?B:Becausemyfatherlikesithere.B:Well,wecomeherealmosteveryothermonth.我们每两个月来一次。A:Howoftendoyoucome?A:Thisisagoodplaceifyoulikeswimming.B:No,Idislikeswimming.Ijustsitandwatchmyfatherswimming.脱口而出(Speakout)1)Ican’timaginemylifewithoutyou.2)Didyouhaveanicetimelastnight?3)FrommorningtilleveningSamsingsthesamesongagainandagain.4)Yoursinginganddancingarecharming.5)Mymotherrememberswhenmanfirstlandedonthemoon.语音知识小站:辅音的鼻腔爆破如果爆破音/t/或/d/后面紧跟着的是鼻辅音/m/或/n/时，这种辅音组合在语音学里就叫做鼻腔爆破，即发爆破音/t//d/时受后面鼻辅音/m/与/n/的影响，爆破部位有所改变，发音时的爆破声音受鼻发音的影响必须改道从鼻子里出来，因此发/tn/或/dn/这样的组合时鼻子里会有一种冲气的感觉。爆破音与鼻辅音之间不要加多余的/ə/音。/dn/:garden;burden;pardon;/tn/:button;cotton;written;/dm/:admire;admit;agoodmany;/tm/:excitement;atmosphere;注意半元音不同于元音，它不能单独成音，不能延长。但它可以和前边的辅音拼读在一起，又可以像辅音一样和后边的元音拼读在一起，如quite/kwait/，few/fju:/。音素体验wwillwashwarmwhwhatwhywhen-u-queenquickquiet容易出现的错误英音美音区别美语中有些人会将以wh开头的单词读成/hw-/，如：white,why,where。音素体验y-/ju:/yetyouyellowuunithugemusicew/juə/uredewcurefewpurenewendure容易出现的错误1.不要把这个音和中文中的“一”混淆。2.也不要和/i:/或/i/混淆。试比较yeast/ji:st/和east/i:st/，year/jiə/和ear/i:ə/。3.另外，注意这个音和/ʒ/的区别。对话演练(dialogues)1)A:I'malittlethirsty.Iwanttodrinksomewater.B:Let’seatthewatermelon,shallwe?A:Ican’twait.Itmakesmymouthwater.B:Whatasweetwatermelon!2)A:TheNewYeariscoming.Doyouhaveanyplans?B:Well,I’veplannedtohireayachttocrosstheEnglishChannelalone.A:Soundschallenging.Butalittlerisky?B:Right.Butthatwouldbeawonderfulexperienceforanyyoungman.脱口而出(Speakout)1)IwishIcould,butIcan’t.2)Nosweetwithoutsweat.没有苦，哪有甜。3)Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.4)Well,theremightbesomethingtothat.5)Iwishyouahappynewyear.6)Whentheorchardyieldwillbegatheredsoon.Andthefieldsbeyondareyellowwithcorn,Thedoginouryardawakeswithayawn,Andyapsandyalpsattheyellowmoon.Listentothelocalyokelyodel.LilyladleslittleLetty'slentilsoup.LittleMikelefthisbikelikeTikeatSpike's.LarryHurley，aburlysquirrelhurler,hurledafurrysquirrelthroughacurlygrill.TongueTwistersa)只发一个音的辅音字母语音知识小站:辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音1.单个辅音字母的发音b/b/booklibraryd/d/doorbadf/f/flowerlifeh/h/howbehindj/dʒ/jumpjamk/k/kindblackm/m/madenamen/n/nosestonep/p/pleaserepeatq/k/Iraqquestionr/r/readcomradev/v/viewlivew/w/wellwouldz/z/zooquizb)可以发几个音的辅音字母c/k//s//ʃ/g/g//dʒ/l/l/s/s//z//ʃ//ʒ/n/n//ŋ/x/ks//gz/在e，i，y前sricecitycycle在ia,ie前ʃsocialancient在a,o,l前kcavecolorclass在音节末kmaniccg在e,y前dʒlargebiology在以n结尾的词中不发音signforeign在少数词中ʒgarage在其他字母前ggiftgirlgetl清晰音ledenlightlost模糊音applepoolfulls词首／s／sendsave在元音字母和元音字母之间／z／visitdesiremusic在词中清辅音前／s／past在词中浊辅音前／z／Husbandsalesgirl在元音字母u,i前／ʃ／suresugarRussia在元音后并在u,ion前／ʒ／pleasureusuallytelevisionn在其他字母前ncornerninenice在字母k,x,g前ŋanxiousthinkfingerx在其他字母前ksexceptextracttext在元音字母前gzexamexistexactly双写辅音字母只读一个辅音的规则2辅音字母组合的读音规则bb/b/ebbCabbagedd/d/addaddressff/f/officeeffectll/l/millionallowmm/m/programmesummernn/n/inndinnerpp/p/happysloppyrr/r/hurryfurryss/s/grasstosstt/t/cottonwattzz/z/buzzbuzzerb)相同两个辅音字母读不同辅音的情况cckaccordingkssuccessggdʒsuggestgeggc)不同的辅音字母只读一个辅音的情况bttdoubtckkknockpocketdgdʒjudgedjdʒadjustdrdrdresshundredtrtrtradecountrydsdzhandststshatsphfphotophoneshʃshefishqukwquizknnknifewrrwrongtchtʃmatchsionʒəndecisiond)两个不同的辅音字母读不同辅音的情况ch／tʃ／checkchalkchange／k／headacheschool／ʃ／machinemoustache/dʒ/spinachth／θ／thinkthankworth／ð／withthosethiswhwwheelwheat在字母o前hwholewhosewhotionʃəneducationstation在字母s后tʃənsuggestionquestionng／ŋ／something/ŋg／Englishsc/s/scientific/sk/Scotish/ʃ/consciousgh/g/ghost/f/cough