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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 高中教育 > 高考必考语法精讲精练专题十:名词性从句(含解析)
学习必备欢迎下载高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十:名词性从句名词性从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中,主要考查从句引导词的用法。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查名词性从句。2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第71题(短文改错)考查了宾语从句的引导词,MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.本句中须将that改为where。2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查了名词性从句。在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语和同位语,因此,名词性从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。①Whatwasmostimportanttoherwasherfamily.(主语从句)②Idon’tknowwhatyouwanttosay.(宾语从句)③Thegoodnewsisthatwehavewonthegame.(表语从句)④Thenewsthatwehavewonthegameistrue.(同位语从句)引导名词性从句的关联词:从属连词that,because疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whether,if疑问副词when,where,why,how,缩合连接词whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever关联短语asif,asthough注意:连词that在引导名词性从句时无词义,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略,在引导宾语从句时,口语或非正式的文体中常被省去;疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用,在从句中充当成分。名词性从句一般都用陈述句...的语序,即使从句表达的是疑问含义。例如:①Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.②Wealldon’tknowwhenhewillcome.1.主语从句在复合句中作主语的句子叫主语从句主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。例如:①Thathestoleabikewastrue.②Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.③Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.④WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.学习必备欢迎下载⑤Whetherhecanpasstheexamdependsonwhetherhestudyhardornot.⑥Whateveryoudoisnoneofmybusiness.⑦Whoevercomestoourlibrarywillbewelcome.单个的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式。例如:①Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.②Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.主语从句比较长的时候,为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:(1)It+be+名词+主语从句。例如:①Itisafactthathehasgoneabroad.②Itisapitythatyoumissedthesportsmeetinglastweek.(2)It+be+形容词+主语从句。例如:①Itisobviousthathetoldalie.②Itiscertainthathewillwinthegame.(3)It+be+过去分词+主语从句。例如:①Itissaidthatshewillcometothepartytomorrow.②Ithasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplanearetotakeoff.(4)It+不及物动词+主语从句。例如:①Ithappenedthatthemeetingwascanceledthatday.②ItoccurredtomethatIhadforgottentobringmywallet.注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do,常用的句型是:Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/essential,etc.)that…例如:①It’snecessarythatyoushouldstudyhard.②Itisstrangethatheshouldsaythat.③Itisessentialthatacollegestudentshouldmasteratleastaforeignlanguage.2.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。例如:①Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.②Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.③Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.1).由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:Hehastoldme(that)hewillleaveWuhanandthathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.注意:在insist,suggest,advise,decide,demand,desire,require,request,order,command等表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”(“坚决要命”)等意义的动词后,宾语从句中谓语部分常用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形。例如:①Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.②Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲,则其后的宾语从句中学习必备欢迎下载用陈述语气。例如:①Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination.②Theboyinsistedthathehadnotstolenthemoney.2).用whether或if引导的宾语从句whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句,常可互换。但从句中有ornot时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句,如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中表示“是否”只用whether.介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导,要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句,只在except,but,besides等之后才用。例如:①Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.②Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.③Heseldomloseshistemperexceptthatyoumakeafoolofhim.3).宾语从句中的时态呼应宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响,如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态。例如:①IknowthathestudiesEnglisheveryday.②IknowthathestudiedEnglishlastterm.③Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.④WeallknowthathehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时,则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等。例如:①Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.②TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.4).当主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时,其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式,常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。例如:①Wedon’tbelievethathewillwinthegame.②Idon’tthinkhewilldoso.注意:doubt用于肯定结构时,后面用whether/if引导名词性从句;用于否定结构或疑问结构时,后面用that引导名词性从句。besure用于肯定句或疑问句时,后接that引导的名词性从句;用于否定句时,后接whether/if引导的名词性从句。例如:①Idoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow.②Thereisnodoubtthathewillcometomorrow.③Iamsurethathewillwinthegame.④Iamnotsurewhetherhewillwinthegame.3.表语从句在复合句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。表语从句常放在系动词之后。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif,because引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+表语从句。例如:①Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.②That’sjustwhatIwant.③Thisiswhereourproblemlies.④Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.⑤Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.学习必备欢迎下载⑥Thisisbecausehemissedthetrainbyoneminute.注意:当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.4.同位语从句在复合句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句用于解释说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后,如news,idea,information,fact,hope,thought,belief等,用来说明名词所表示的具体内容,引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that,whether和连接副词when,where,why,how;连接代词who,what,whose,which也可以引导同位语从句。例如:①Thenewsthathewonthefirstplacewastrue.②Itisaquestionhowhedidit.③Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.④Wehaven’tsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtos
本文标题:高考必考语法精讲精练专题十:名词性从句(含解析)
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