chapter 2 types of news writing解读

Chapter2TypesofNewsWriting新闻体裁contentsTypesofnews1Typesofnewswriting23Newsstories344Features5NewsCommentaries•Natureofnews–Hardnews/spotnews/straightnews–Softnews•Difference1–Hardnewsgenerallyreferstoup-to-the-minutenewsandeventsthatarereportedimmediately–softnewsisbackgroundinformationorhuman-intereststories.Politics,war,economicsandcrimeusedtobeconsideredhardnews,whilearts,entertainmentandlifestyleswereconsideredsoftnews.1TypesofNews•Difference2:thetoneofpresentation–Ahardnewsstorytakesafactualapproach:Whathappened?Whowasinvolved?Whereandwhendidithappen?Why?–Asoftnewsstorytriesinsteadtoentertainoradvisethereader.1.InvertedPyramidStyle(倒金字塔结构)2.PyramidStyle(金字塔结构)3.MixedFormofInvertedPyramidandPyramidStyles（倒叙－－顺叙混合结构）StructureofNewsInvertedPyramidStyle也称“倒叙法Theleadoffersthemostessentialelementstellingwho,what,when,where,whyandhowofthestory.Thesecondparagraphhaslessimportantinfo.andbeginstofillindetailsaboutthelead.Laterparagraphscontainstilllessimportantinfo.Thiswayofframinganewsstoryiscalledthe“invertedpyramid.”PyramidStyle（金字塔结构)•usedtowritecomplex/complicatedemotionalnewseventorstoryaimedtoachievesuspenseandinterest(usedtowritesoftnews)•Format:writteninthechronologicalstyle•Withtheclimaxattheend•beginning+body+endingMixedFormofInvertedPyramidandPyramidStyles（倒叙—顺叙混合结构）：•summarylead----firstprovidetheoutlineofnewsevent,thenwriteaccordingtothenaturalsequenceofnewseventsnewsstoriesJapan,2007Newscommentariesinterpretationofnewsandofcurrentissuesandthediscussionofmattersofgeneralinterest,particularlywithaviewtoconvincingreadersofthetruthorthefalsity2.Typesofnewswritingfeaturestimelyeventsofinterestandsignificancetoreadersandtimelyincidentsoflittleornonewsvaluedetailedpresentationsofmattersofrecentnews，timelytopicsorsubjectsofinterests3.Structureofnewsstories1Headline标题2Lead导语3Body正文Example•1992年7月31日下午，中国通用航空公司一架由南京飞往厦门的大型客机在南京机场起飞滑跑途中冲出跑道后不久发生爆炸，造成100多人伤亡．翌日，《中国日报》头版上刊登的一则消息就是以“倒金字塔结构”报道这一残局的：•Nanjingaircrashkillsatleast100•NANJING–AYak-42airlinercarrying116passengersand10crewmemberscrashedontakeofffromtheNanjingAirportinEastChinayesterdayat15:06(Beijingtime).Sofar,100peopleonboardaredeadand26injured.•Afull-scalerescueattemptfortheinjuredisstillunderway.•TheaircraftofGP7552flightfailedtoliftoffandburstintoaballofflamesabout600metresfromtherunway.Theplane,operatedbyChinaGeneral-PurposeAirlineCompanyinXi’an,wasusedontheroutefromNanjingCityinJiangsuProvincetoXiamenCityinSoutheastChina’sFujianProvince.•Aftertheaccident,ZhuRongji,Vice-PremieroftheStateCouncil,andleadingmembersofsomedepartmentsconcernedflewtoNanjingat20:00(Beijingtime)toinspectthesceneoftheaccident,lamentthedeadandexpresscondolencestothefamiliesofthedead.Theyalsowenttothehospitaltoexpresssympathytotheinjured.•Upontheaccident,afire-brigadeworkingneartheairportrushedtothesiteimmediately,whilemedicalteamsandpolicereinforcementsarrivedashorttimelater.•Thecauseofthetragedyisstillunderinvestigation.•TheNanjingAirporthasresumednormaloperation.•ChinaDaily,Aug.1,1992discussion•Inthelead(thefirstparagraph),thereportercoveredthemostimportantinformation,whichenablesreaderstoknowwhatthenewsisabout.•WHO—116passengersand10crewmembers•WHAT—AYak-42airlinercrashedontakeoff•100peopleonboardaredeadand26injured•WHEN—yesterdayat15:06(Beijingtime)•WHERE—theNanjingAirportinEastChina•HOW—ontakeoff•Thefollowingparagraphsconstitutethebodyofthenewsreport,describingtherescuework,backgroundinformationconcerningtheaccidentandtheresumptionoftheairportoperation,whichareoflessimportance．Features•Featurestoriesaren'tdefinedsomuchbysubjectmatterastheyarebythestyleinwhichtheyarewritten.Inotherwords,anythingwritteninafeature-orientedwayisafeaturestory.•featuresarefoundineverysectionofthepaper,fromnewstobusinesstosports.•News:inclusiveandintegrated--panorama•Features:episode-focused---asetofenlargedcloseupsFeaturestories–Thelede:Afeaturelededoesn'thavetohavethewho,what,where,whenandwhyintheveryfirstparagraph,thewayahard-newslededoes.Instead,afeatureledecanusedescriptionorananecdotetosetupthestory.–amoreleisurelypacethannewsstories–Usuallylongerthanhardnewsarticles–Afocusonthehumanelement:Soifahardnewsstoryrecountshow1,000peoplearebeinglaidofffromalocalfactory,afeaturestorymightfocusonjustoneofthoseworkers,portrayingtheirgriefatlosingtheirjobExampleHEEMERGEDFROMTHEMETROATTHEL'ENFANTPLAZASTATIONANDPOSITIONEDHIMSELFAGAINSTAWALLBESIDEATRASHBASKET.Bymostmeasures,hewasnondescript:ayoungishwhitemaninjeans,along-sleevedT-shirtandaWashingtonNationalsbaseballcap.Fromasmallcase,heremovedaviolin.Placingtheopencaseathisfeet,heshrewdlythrewinafewdollarsandpocketchangeasseedmoney,swiveledittofacepedestriantraffic,andbegantoplay.Itwas7:51a.m.onFriday,January12,themiddleofthemorningrushhour.Inthenext43minutes,astheviolinistperformedsixclassicalpieces,1,097peoplepassedby.Almostallofthemwereonthewaytowork,whichmeant,foralmostallofthem,agovernmentjob.L'EnfantPlazaisatthenucleusoffederalWashington,andtheseweremostlymid-levelbureaucratswiththoseindeterminate,oddlyfungibletitles:policyanalyst,projectmanage