生命周期评价

32620076ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEANDMANAGEMENTVol32No6June2007:2007-01-12:(1962-),,,,,::1673-1212(2007)06-0177-04樊庆锌1,敖红光1,孟超2(1.,150001;2.,150056):生命周期评价是一种评价产品工艺过程或活动从原材料的采集和加工到生产运输销售使用回收养护循环利用和最终处理整个生命周期系统有关的环境负荷的过程生命周期评价既可以作为评价产品生产全过程的有效手段,又可以作为一种环境管理工具,现已在国际上广泛应用文章从生命周期评价的概念入手,介绍了生命周期评价产生背景技术框架评价方法应用及其展望:生命周期评价;环境管理;全过程:X820.3:ALifeCycleAssessmentFanQingxin1,AoHongguang1,MengChao2(1.TheSchoolofMunicipalandEnvironmentalEngineering,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin150001,China;2.HeilongjiangScientificReasearchInstituteofEnvironmentalProtection,Harbin150056,China)Abstract:Lifecycleassessmentisaprocessofevaluatingenvironmentalloadwhichrelatestotheentirelifeperiodicsystemofaproduc,tthetechnologicalprocessortheactivity.Theentirelifeperiodicsystemmentionedabovemeansfromtherawmater-ialgatheringandmanufacturetotheproduction,transportation,sale,use,recycle,maintains,circulationuseandfinaldisposa.lLifecycleassessmentcanbethevalidmeanswhichevaluatesthewholeprocessoftheproductproduction,andalsocanbeakindofenvironmentmanagementtoo,lwhichnowalreadyextensivelyappliedamongnations.Thepaperstartswithconceptoflifecycleassessmen,tintroducingthecreationbackground,techniqueframe,evaluatingmethod,applicationandoutlookoflifecycleas-sessmen.tKeywords:lifecycleassessmen;tenvironmentalmanagemen;tentireprocess1(LifeCycleAssessmen,tLCA)[1]ISO14040LCA:()[2]LCA,4:()/,,21,(LCD)(LCE)(LCC)(DfE)2(LCA)20607030,ISO14000,,17732620076Vol32No6June20072.1(206070)60701969(MRI),(),(REPA),,,19701974,REPA,2.2(207080)2070,,REPA,,,2080,,REPA,,,REPA2.3(2080)80,LCA,,REPA,REPA,,,,REPA,,REPA1989(VROM),,,,1990(SETAC)(LCA),SETAC,1993(ISO)ISO14000,,,:GB/T24040(),GB/T24040(),33.1SETACLCA,:;(Inventoryanalysis);(Impactassessment)(Improvementas-sessment)1:1SETACISO14040:ISOSETAC,,,,ISO14040LCA,2:3.217832620076Vol32No6June20072ISO14040LCA,,LCA,,,,,,,,,3.3LCA,()(),(),,,,,,EPA,,LCA3.4,ISOSETACEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionA-gency),(Classify)(Characterization)(Valuation),,SETACISOLCA,,:,,,[3]3.5LCA,,ISO14043,,;;,,,4LCA4.1LCA,LCA,17932620076Vol32No6June20074.1.1在企业中的应用,:,,,4.1.2在清洁生产中的应用,,LCA,,,LCA:;;;[4]4.1.3在环境管理中的应用LCALCA,LCA,LCA,,4.1.4在其它方面的应用LCA,LCA,LCA4.2LCA,LCA:;;,;LCA,LCA,,;;LCA,;LCA,(LifeCycleImpactAssessment),,,:(1),LCA,LCA,(2),(3),LCA,,LCA,,LCA,,,:[1]ConsoliF,DAllen,IBousted,eta.lGuidelinesforlife-cycleassessment:acodeofpractice[M].STEAC.Pensaco-la,FL,1993.[2]ISO/DIS14040.EnvironmentalManagement-LifeCycleAssessment-Part:PrinciplesandFramework[S].1997.[3]杨建新,等.产品生命周期评价方法及应用[M].气象出版社,2002.[4]乔琦,等.生命周期评价在中国的应用[J].UNEP产业与环境,2003.180