2013年12月四级阅读三套带答案

卷一SectionCPassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV(orasimilardistraction)canincreasebothhungerandtheamountoffoodconsumed.Evensimplevisualcues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportionsizeandconsumption.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people'shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey'dseeninfrontofthem—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.Thisdisparity(盖弃）suggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhaveabiggerinfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.Hungerisn'tcontrolledsolelybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentmeal.Wehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal，Brunstromsays.Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplexthanwethought.Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimestrickourbody’sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2011study,forinstance,peoplewhodrankthesame3S0-calorie(卡路里）milkshakeontwoseparateoccasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones（荷尔蒙），dependingonwhethertheshake’slabelsaiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeelingmorefullwhentheythoughtthey'dconsumedahigher-calorieshake.Whatdoesthismeanforoureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyseemspracticaltotrickourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenefitsoffocusingonourfoodandavoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightdistractionsandhelpuscontrolourappetite,Brunstromsays.56.Whatissaidtobeafactoraffectingourappetiteandfoodintake?A)Howweperceivethefoodweeat.C)Whenweeatourmeals.B)Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.D)Howfastweeatourmeals.57.Whatwouldhappenatmealtimeifyourememberedeatingalotinthepreviousmeal?A)Youwouldprobablybemorepickyaboutfood.B)Youwouldnotfeellikeeatingthesamefood.C)Youwouldhaveagoodappetite.D)Youwouldnotfeelsohungry.58.Whatdowelearnfromthe2011study?A)Foodlabelsmaymisleadconsumersintheirpurchases.B)Foodlabelsmayinfluenceourbody’sresponsetofood.C)Hungerlevelsdependonone'sconsumptionofcalories.D)Peopletendtotakeinalotmorecaloriesthannecessary.59.WhatdoesBrunstromsuggestwedotocontrolourappetite?A)Trickourselvesintoeatingless.C)Concentrateonfoodwhileeating.B)Choosefoodwithfewercalories.D)Pickdishesoftherightsize.60.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Eatingdistractionsoftenaffectourfooddigestion.B)Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.C)Ourfoodintakeisdeterminedbyourbiologicalneeds.D)Goodeatinghabitswillcontributetoourhealth.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asasocietywemightwanttorethinkthetimeandmoneyspentoneducation,sothattheseresourcescanbenefitagreaterpercentageofthepopulation.Ideally,bothhighschoolsandcollegescanprepareindividualsfortheever-changingrolesthatarelikelytobeexpectedofthem.Highschooldegreesofferfarlessinthewayofpreparationforworkthantheymight,orthanmanyothernationscurrentlyoffer,creatingagrowingskillsgapinoureconomy.Weencouragestudentstogoontocollegewhethertheyarepreparedornot,orhaveaclearsenseofpurposeorinterest,andnowhavethehighestcollegedropoutrateintheworld.Wemightlooktoothercountriesformodelsofhowhighschoolscanofferbettertraining,aswellasthedevelopmentofaworkethic(勤奋工作的美德）andtheintellectualskillsneededforcontinuedlearninganddevelopment.IrecommendHarvard's2011PathwaystoProsperityreportformoreattentiontotheforgottenhalf(thosewhodonotgoontocollege)andideasabouthowtoaddressthisissue.Simultaneously,theliberalartsbecomemoreimportantthanever.Inaknowledgeeconomywhereprofessionalroleschangerapidlyandmanycollegestudentsarepreparingforpositionsthatmaynotevenexistyet,theskillsetneededisonethatpreparesthemforchangeandcontinuedlearning.Learningtoexpressideaswellinbothwritingandspeech,knowinghowtofindinformation,andknowinghowtodoresearchareall-solidbackgroundskillsforawidevarietyofroles,andsuchtrainingismoreimportantthananyparticularmajorinaliberalartscollege.Weneedtocontinuetovaluebroadpreparationinthinkingskillsihatwillserveforalifetime.Studentsalsoneedtolearntoworkindependentlyandtomakeresponsibledecisions.Thelengtheningpathtoadulthoodappearsexacerbated(惡化）byparentalinvolvementinthecollegeyears.Giventherisinginvestmentincollegeeducation,parentalconcernisnotsurprising,butlearningwhereandwhentointervene(干预）willhelpstudentstakemoreownershipoftheoutcomesoftheseincreasinglycostlyeducations.61.Whatkindofeducationdoestheauthorthinkisideal?A)Itbenefitsthegreatmajorityofthegeneralpopulation.B)Itpreparesstudentstomeetthefutureneedsofsociety.C)Itencouragesstudentstolearnthroughouttheirlives.D)Itensuresthatstudents'expectationsaresuccessfullyfulfilled.62.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithpresenthighschooleducation?A)Ignoringthene