英语状语从句超级实用课件

英语状语从句(赵留强)1.定义：在复合句中作状语的从句2.功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句3.分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句未时，从句前一般不用逗号4.解题思路：①理清主句和从句（有连词引导）之间的逻辑关系（原因，条件，方式，转折，结果，目的等）②翻译句子，找出意义上更适合的翻译③选定连词④⑤5.时间状语从句A．连词：注意长得不像连词的连词（连接一个句子的词）Assoonas,hardly/scarcely…when…,nosooner…than…，directly/immediately(一…就)，themoment;bythetime,nexttime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,everytime,anytime,eachtimeB.when的四个句式（常用用法）与时间点连用，具有突然性①bedoingsth.……when……当一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生SomepassengerswerewalkingthroughoneofthebighallsatParisCharlesDeGaulleAirportwhenthewholerooffelldown.②beabouttodosth.……when……正要做某事，另一个动作出现。1.Iwasabouttocrossthestreetwhenacarknockedmedown.2.Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowwhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.3.Iwasabouttoleavemyhousewhenthetelephonerang.③hadjustdonesth.……when……当一个过去的动作发生时，另一个过去的动作刚刚结束。1.Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.2.IhadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusilydryingmyselfwithatowelwhenIheardthesteps.④hardly/scarcely/barely……when……一……就注意：1.当hardly/scarcely/barely置于句首，主句（过去完成时）+部分倒装（助动词提前）；2.从句过去时Hardlyhadhegottotherailwaystationwhenthetrainleft.(when可以用before)Thegirlhadhardlyrungthebellwhen/beforethedoorwasopenedsuddenly.注意：1.有时when表示虽然，尽管的含义，相当于although或since。2.whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。（让步状语从句=nomatterwhen）Youarealwayswelcomewheneveryoucome.Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi.Howcanyouhopeformercyyourselfwhenyoushownone.B.while的四个用法①引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”；while从句中只能接延续性动词。②表示前后两个句子的对比或转折LilikesplayingbasketballwhileHelikesreadingbooks.③表示让步“尽管”常用于句首④引导时间状语从句表示“趁”可以和before替换Striketheironwhileitishot.=Striketheironbeforeitgetscold.C.before的四个用法（提示：before从句往往带有否定的含义）①表示“还没……就……”1.Hehadbeentiredoutbeforeheran3circles.2.Goodshadbeenpassedawaymanytimesbeforetheyfinallyreachedtheirdestination.3.TheyhungupthephonebeforeIcouldanswerit.②表示“需要多长时间……才……”【Itwillbe+段时before】1.Itwillbe16yearsbeforeYangandLongmeetagain.《神雕侠侣TheCondorHeroes》2.HowlongitwillbebeforeChinasendsmantothemoon.③表示“趁”LettheoldmansigntheTestament(遗嘱=will)beforehedies.④句式Itwillnotbelongbefore……或Itwasnotlongbefore……不久……就……D.as的用法（还可引导原因/方式状语从句）①表示“一边……一边……”Thegirlsangasshewalked.E.till/until/not……until用法A.注意：1.肯定句主句谓语动词（Verb）用延V2.否定句主句谓语动词（Verb）用瞬V3.till引导时间状语从句不用于句首，until可以置于句首。4.till在口语中更为常见B.Not……until……的强调句型和倒装句的变换方法：四步走战略”原句：Ididn’tgotobed（主句）untilIhadfinishedmyhomeworklastnight（从句）.第一步：划分主从句（有连词引导为从句）变倒装：第二步：合并not…until为notuntil+从句（相当于一个词，词意为“直到”）并置于句首。Notuntil（直到）Ihadfinishedmyhomeworklastnight（从句），+主句第三步：因否定词置于句首，其后的主句部分要部分倒装（助动词提前）Notuntil（直到）Ihadfinishedmyhomeworklastnight（从句），didIgotobed（主句）变强调句型第四步：否定词没有置于句首，主句不再倒装。同时变时态。ItwasNotuntil（直到）Ihadfinishedmyhomeworklastnight（从句）thatIwenttobed（主句）。E.since和eversince用法1.Itis/hasbeen+时间段+sinceclause+V过2.Since+延续性动词表示“否定”Since+瞬间动词表示“肯定”3.eversince从那时起直至现在，此后一直。表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长，语气比since强。Eversincetheygotmarriedin1950,theyhavelivedhappily.3．since还可以用作副词或介词。Thebigclockwasdamagedduringthewarandhasbeensilent（ever）since.Youhavemadegreatachievementsinyourworksincegraduation.F.注意区分几个句式：Itis/hasbeen+时间段+sinceclause+V过Itis+时间点+whenclauseItis/was……that……强调结构（去掉结构为完整句子）Itwillbe+时间段+beforeclause需要……时间才……Itwasnotlongbeforeclause不久……就Eg.Itis10yearssinceIleftAnyangNo.1SeniorHighSchool.Itis10yearssinceIwasateacherinAnyangNo.1SeniorHighschool.（延续性动词表示否定意思）Itis10yearssinceIgotmarried.Itis10yearssinceIwasmarried.Itwillbe10yearsbeforeIgetmarried.（主将从现）ItwillnotbelongbeforeIgetmarried.Itwas6:00whenIlefthometogotoschool.Itwasat6:00thatIlefthometogotoschool.（强调结构）G.when,while,as的区别1)when引导从句时，主从句的动作有先有后，也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：WhenIgottotheairport,theplanehadalreadytakenoff.WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseasideonSundays.Whenthemovieended,thepeoplewentback.2)while侧重主句的动作发生在从句的时间之间，且从句的动词必须是延续性的。Whilewewerechatting,shewaslookingatthetimetableonthewall．3)as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。as表示一边……一边……，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。as表示随着，此用法不用when或while替换。SometimesIwatchTVasIamhavingbreakfast．Helookedbehindfromtimetotimeashewent.Asspringwarmstheearth,allflowersbegintobloom.Asthedayswenton,theweathergotworse.H．“一……就”的表达1.assoonasHewillcomeandseeyouassoonashegetshome.Herushedhomeassoonashegotthegoodnews.2.【必背】一……就……还可以用on/upondoing结构来表示。OnarrivinghomehecalledupLester.=Assoonashearrivedhome,hecalledupLester.3.immediatelyinstantlydirectly相当于assoonas，从句中用一般过去时态。Theyphonedherimmediatelytheyreachedhome.IrecognizedherinstantlyIcaughtaglimpseofher.Wecamedirectlywegotyourtelephone.4.themoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecond这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示一…就…。Telephonemethemoment(that)yougettheresults.IwassotiredthatIfellasleeptheinstantIclosedmyeyes.5.scarcely/hardly…when…,nosooner…than…这两个短语都表示刚……就……，可以互换,主句通常用去完成时,从句用一般过去时。Hehadnosoonerstartedoutthanhefelthomesick.Hehadhardlystartedhisspeechwhensomeonerosetorefutehispoints.【注意】当hardly（=scarcely）,nosooner位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。Hardlyhadshefallenasleepwhenaknockatthedoorwokeherup.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.6.地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where,where