Chemical_Safety

NUSChilSftNUSChemicalSafetyTrainingTrainingOfficeofSafety,HealthandEnvironmentMay2011TrainerProfileContactDetailsObjtiObjectivesCttihdlitidi•Competentinhandling,storingandusingchemicals•Respondtochemicalemergenciespg•Doachemicalriskassessment•Understandingofregulationspertainingtochemicalusehandlingandstoragechemicaluse,handlingandstorageTableofContents•ReviewoftheBasics•Understandingchemicalhazards–Toxicologygy–Chemicalcompatibility•ChemicalRiskAssessment–NUSOSHEriskassessmentUSOSsassesse–Workedexamples/Classdiscussion•Chemicalcontrols&monitoring•IndustrialHygieneMonitoringIndustrialHygieneMonitoringTableofContents•Locallegislationonchemicals•Chemicalstorage–refrigerators,inventorymanagement•NUSlaboratorydesign•DevelopmentofSOPs•Chemicalwastedisposal•Chemicalwastedisposal•ChemicalSpillRespondProcedures•LaboratoryInspectionsRifthBiReviewoftheBasicsGeneralRulesofSafety•Readalldirectionstoalab•FollowallwrittenandoraldirectionsNtidikilitii•Noeating,drinkingorapplyingcosmeticsinthelab•OnlycoveredshoesareallowedOnlycoveredshoesareallowed•WashhandsbeforeandafterworkinginalaboratoryChemicalHazardsFlammability-FireExplosiveTiToxicFlammabilityandElitfExplosivenatureofchemicalsFlammableChemicals-Solvents•FlashpointLowesttemperatureatwhichachemicalgivesoff–Lowesttemperatureatwhichachemicalgivesoffenoughvaportoformaflammablemixture•ExplosiveLimits–UEL(UpperExplosiveLimits)–LEL(LowerExplosiveLimits)Classesofflammableliquids•ClassesofflammableliquidsCorrosivechemicals-AcidsandAlkalis•Corrosive–Hydrogen–flammableHydrogenflammable–Acids–releasecorrosivevapors•Mixingproducesheat–Alwaysaddacidtowater•HealthEffectIrritationaffectsmostlyskineyesand–Irritationaffectsmostlyskin,eyesandrespiratorytractToxicology•Exposureroutes•ToxiceffectsofdifferentgroupsofgpchemicalsExposureRoutes•Inhalation•IngestionIjti•Injection•Skinabsorption-Lipids(fats)arereadilyabsorbedthroughtheskin-PalmisstrongerbarriergthanbackskinToxicEffectsofChemicalsAffShhih•Acuteeffect–Shorttermexposuretohighconcentration•Chroniceffect–Prolongedorrepeated•ChroniceffectProlongedorrepeatedexposures•Reversible(temporary)–Aneffectthatdisappearswhenchemicalexposureceases•Irreversible(permanent)–lastingdamagingeffectdamagingeffectToxicEffectsofChemicals•Localeffect–Thechemicalcausesharmatthepointofcontactorentry•Systemiceffect-ThechemicalenterstheSystemiceffectThechemicalentersthebodyandistransportedthroughoutthebody•LethalDosage(LD50)–Theingested•LethalDosage(LD50)–Theingesteddosagerequiredtokill50%ofthesamplepopulationLthlCtti(LC50)Thihld•LethalConcentration(LC50)–Theinhaleddosagerequiredtokill50%ofthesamplepopulationToxicEffectsofChemicals•Asphyxiant–achemicalthatpreventsoxygenfromreachingbodytissueegCarbonmonoxideCarbondioxide–e.g.Carbonmonoxide,Carbondioxide,Nitrogen•Carcinogen-achemicalthatisknowntocausecancer–e.g.Benzene,Formaldehyde•Corrosive-achemicalthatdestroysor•Corrosiveachemicalthatdestroysordamageslivingtissueoncontact–e.g.Acids,AlkalisToxicEffectsofChemicals•Hepatoxic-ChemicalthatcausesliverdamageIrritantChemicalthatproducesirritation•Irritant-Chemicalthatproducesirritationtotheskin,eyes,noseorrespiratorysystem•Nephrotoxic-Chemicalthatcauseskidneydamage-e.g.chloroformToxicEffectsofChemicalsNtiChilthtdti•Neurotoxic-Chemicalthatproducestoxiceffectsonthenervoussystem–e.g.mercury,carbondisulphide•Allergen/Sensitizer-causesorinducesallergicreaction-potentiallylife-threatening(anaphylaxsis)(anaphylaxsis)–e.g.isocyanates,organophosphates,heavymetalsTeatogenChemicalthatesltsinfetal•Teratogen-Chemicalthatresultsinfetalstructuralabnormalities-e.g.lead,methylmercuryToxicEffectsofChemicals•Mutagen-Chemicalthatcausespermanentdamagetogeneticmaterial-e.g.chloroprene•Narcotic-Depressthecentralnervoussystemsystem-e.g.acetone,isopropylalcohol,ethyletherTiitRifChilToxicityReviewofChemicalGroups•Hydrocarbons–Leastacutetoxicityy–Vaporsaremildlyirritatingathighconcentrations–Liquids(C10)cancauseskinirritationChithdthCNS–ChronicexposuretohexanecandamagetheCNS•HalogenatedHydrocarbons–ToxicityincreaseswithdegreeofchlorinationToxicityincreaseswithdegreeofchlorination–Causesliver&kidneydamageToxicityReviewofChemicalGroups•Alcohols–Irritatingtothemucousmembranesbutdecreaseshllwithincreasingmolecularsize–MorepowerfulCNSdepressantsthanaliphaticHC•CyclicHC•CyclicHC–Littleornochroniceffectsafterprolongedexposure–MedicalanestheticsToxicityReviewofChemicalGroups•AldehydesIrritatingtheskineyesandrespiratorytract–Irritatingtheskin,eyesandrespiratorytract•Ketones–CNSdepressantsp–Irritatingtotheeyesandrespiratorytract–ToxicityincreaseswithmolecularweightToxicityReviewofChemicalGroupsp•EstersHltdthiitt–Halogenatedethersaresevereirritants–Aromaticethersarelessirritating–ChlorinatedethersarecarcinogensChlorinatedethersarecarcinogensChemicalSignagesChemicalWarningSymbols-GHS•TheGHSisanacronymforTheGloballyHarmonizedTheGHSisanacronymforTheGloballyHarmonizedSystemofClassificationandLabelingofChemicals.•TheGHSisasystemforstandardizingandharmonizingtheclassificationandlabelingofharmonizingtheclass