2016届高考英语大二轮复习 第一部分 阅读理解 专题一 阅读理解 第2讲 推理判断类课件

第1部分阅读理解专题一阅读理解第二讲推理判断类考题体验·聚焦高考[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ，D]ConflictisonthemenutonightatthecafeLaChope.Thisevening,asoneveryThursdaynight,psychologistMaudLehanneisleadingtwoofFrance'sfavoritepastimes,coffeedrinkingandthe“talkingcure”.HeretheyarelearningtogetintouchwithP1theirtruefeelings.Itisn'talwayseasy.Thecustomers—somethirtyParisianswhopayjustunder$2(plusdrinks)persessionW1—arequicktointellectualize(高谈阔论),slowtoopenupandconnect.“YouareforbiddenW2tosay‘onefeels，’or‘peoplethink’，”Lehannetoldthem.“Say‘Ithink，’‘Thinkme’．”Acafesocietywherenointellectualizingisallowed?Itcouldn'tseemmoreun­French.ButLehanne'spsychologyW3cafeisaboutmorethanknowingoneself:It'stryingtohelpthecity'stroubledneighborhoodcafes.Overtheyears,ParisiancafeshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestyle—longerworkinghours,afast­foodboomandayoungergeneration'sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.DozensofP2newthemecafesappeartochangethesituation.Cafesfocusedaroundpsychology,history,andengineeringarecatchingon,fillingtableswellintotheevening.Thecity's“psychologycafes”，whichoffergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.Middle­agedhomemakers,retirees,andtheunemployedW4cometosuchcafestotalkaboutlove,anger,anddreamswithapsychologist.AndtheycometoLehanne'sgroupjusttolearntosaywhattheyfeel.“There'sastrongneedinParisforcommunication，”saysMauriceFrisch,acafeLaChoperegularwhoworksasP3areligiousinstructorinanearbychurch.“Peoplehavefewrealfriends.Andtheyneedtoopenup.”Lehannesaysshe'dliketoseepsychologycafesalloverFrance.“Ifpeoplehadnormallives,thesecafeswouldn'texistW5，”shesays.“Iflifeweren'tabattle,peoplewouldn'tneedaspecialplacejusttospeak.”SButthen,itwouldn'tbeFrance.32．WhatarepeopleencouragedtodoatthecafeLaChope?A．Learnanewsubject.B．Keepintouchwithfriends.C．Showofftheirknowledge.D．Expresstheirtruefeelings.33．HowarecafesaffectedbyFrenchlifestylechanges?A．Theyarelessfrequentlyvisited.B．Theystayopenforlongerhours.C．Theyhavebiggernightcrowds.D．Theystarttoservefastfood.34．Whatarethemecafesexpectedtodo?A．Createmorejobs.B．Supplybetterdrinks.C．Savethecafebusiness.D．Servetheneighborhood.35．WhyarepsychologycafesbecomingpopularinParis?A．Theybringpeopletruefriendship.B．Theygivepeoplespiritualsupport.C．Theyhelppeoplerealizetheirdreams.D．Theyofferaplatformforbusinesslinks.根据提示将答案写在横线上。Step1：浏览问题，速读全文。本文介绍了一种新型的咖啡馆——心理咖啡馆。Step2：审题、解题。32．__D__。考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeelings”一句表明thecafeLaChope的作用。33．__A__。考查推理判断。根据第二段可知，多年来，咖啡馆受到人们生活方式变化的影响。由文中的“longerworkinghours,afast­foodboomandayoungergeneration'sdesiretospendmoretimeathome”可推知人们(现在)不经常去咖啡馆了。34．__C__。考查推理判断。根据第二段第三句中的“It'stryingtohelpthecity'stroubledneighborhoodcafes”可知，主题咖啡馆的目的就是拯救日趋没落的咖啡行业。35．__B__。考查推理判断。根据最后一段可知，“心理咖啡馆”之所以变得受欢迎是因为在这里举办讨论活动的心理学家能抚慰人们的心灵。文中的“Peoplehavefewrealfriends.Andtheyneedtoopenup”暗示来这里的顾客需要精神支柱。Step3：验证答案。认真分析题干与选项以及与题干相关的信息，结合文章主题验证答案正确与否。W重点词汇1．sessionn.会议；学期2.forbidvt.禁止3.psychologyn.心理学4.unemployvt.解雇；使失业5.existvi.存在；生存P重点短语1．getintouchwith与……联系2.dozensof几十；许多3.workas担任；以……身份工作S句式仿写原文：“Iflifeweren'tabattle,peoplewouldn'tneedaspecialplacejusttospeak.”(虚拟语气)译文：如果生活不是一场战役，人们就不需要一个只用来交谈的特殊地方了。仿写：Ifhehad_spent_more_time_practisespeakingEnglishbefore,hewould_beabletospeakitmuchbetternow.如果之前他花费更多时间练习说英语的话，他现在能说的更好。技法点拨·突破高考题型概述TIXINGGAISHU推理判断题考查学生根据字面意思，通过全面逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示、推敲作者的态度、理解文章寓义的能力。推理判断题涉及到的可能是文中一句话或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题。该类题型在阅读理解中在近几年高考中所占比例有上升的趋势。1．深层理解推理(1)Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?(2)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat...(3)Wecandrawaconclusionfromthelastparagraphthat...其中常包含infer,indicate,imply,suggest,assume,show,mean和conclude等词。2．文章出处推理(1)Thepassagewouldbefoundin/takenfrom/comefrom...(2)Thepassageiswrittenfor...3．写作意图及态度倾向推理(1)Theauthorofthepassageaimsto/intendsfor...(2)What'stheauthor'sattitudeto...?根据以上几种不同的命题方式推理判断题分为以下几种：深层理解推理、文章出处推理、写作意图及态度倾向推理，下面对各类型的解题策略进行讲解。1深层理解推理(1)定位与题目相关信息：①根据题干关键词定位信息。②根据选项定位信息。(2)深层理解文中信息：文中信息是正确选项的依据，即正确选项源于文中信息，但又不是文中信息的全部，只是推断的依据。(3)验证答案：①正确选项与文中信息相关，但文中信息并未告之结论。②正确选项必须不能脱离文章主题。[典例1][2015·天津高考，C]Inevertoldmymotheraboutmy“miraculous(奇迹般的)”experiencethatsummer,butshesawaslowbutremarkableimprovementinmyclassroomperformanceduringthenextyear.Andyearslater,shewasproudthathersonhadreadthousandsofbooks,wasawardedaPhDinliterature,andauthoredhisownbooks,articles,poetryandfiction.Thepowerofthewordshasheld.49．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Theauthorhasbecomeasuccessfulwriter.B．Theauthor'smotherreadthesamebook.C．Theauthor'smotherrewardedhimwithbooks.D．Theauthorhashadhappysummerseversince.[解析]考查推理判断。根据本段中“...wasawardedaPhDinliterature,andauthoredhisownbooks,articles,poetryandfiction.”可知，作者被授予文学博士学位，写了很多自己的书、文章、诗歌以及小说，故A项“他成为了一名成功的作家”正确。2文章出处或读者对象推理解答这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1)报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。(2)广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。(3)产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。如果没有以上格式，就需要根据文章内容进行推断。[典例2][2015·广东高考，B]WhenIgrewupandenteredthebusinessworld,Irememberhearingmyfirstbosssay,“Weallneedtothinklikesalespeople.”Butitdidn'tcompletelymakesense.Mydadneveroncesaid,“Ifyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman.”Whathesaidwas,“Youneedtothi