简单域环境网络课程设计

秦皇岛职业技术学院信息工程系１秦皇岛职业技术学院课程设计论文设计题目：简单域环境网络学生姓名：张振鹏指导教师：焦锏专业名称：网络系统管理所在院系：信息工程系2010年6月25日秦皇岛职业技术学院信息工程系２摘要目前，网络正以一种前所未有的冲击力在影响着人类的活动，包括人类的生产和日常生活。通过互联网传递的大量信息使得现有的社会资源获得高效配置，社会劳动生产率大幅度提高，并推动经济结构革新和产业结构的升级。互联网自身所具有的开放性、全球性、低成本、高效率的特点，已成为当今世界的不可缺少的重要组成部分。然而对于网络中服务的提供我们大家都有很多的不解。本文尝试组建一个小型的域网络，从而让大家能更好地了解网络中服务的提供。本域环境网络的主要特点：本网络共设置23台计算机。其中3台物理服务器，1台24口交换机，20台客户机。三台服务器计算机名称分别是：server1,server2,server3，预装windowsserver2003操作系统。客户机以host+数字命名，预装windowsxp操作系统。Server1上安装主域控制器，DNS服务器，DHCP服务器;server2为域中成员服务器，其上安装网络监视工具，网络打印服务器，和FTP服务器；server3为域中成员服务器，其上安装辅助域控制器辅助DNS服务器和WINS服务器，各计算机通过交换机相互连接。关键字：服务器域DNS秦皇岛职业技术学院信息工程系３目录第一章server1上服务器软件的安装于配置···························11、安装和配置DNS服务器··························································11.1安装DNS服务器····································································11.2配置DNS服务器····································································12、安装和配置主域控制器····························································32.1安装主域控制器·····································································32.2配置主域控制器·····································································4本章小节··················································································6第二章server2上服务器软件的安装于配置···························71、安装和配置DHCP服务器························································71.1安装DHCP服务器··································································71.2配置DHCP服务器···································································72、安装网络监控工具··································································83、安装网络打印服务··································································84、安装FTP服务器····································································9本章小节················································································10第三章server3上服务器软件的安装于配置·························111、安装和配置辅助DNS服务器··················································112、安装和配置辅助域控制器·······················································123、安装WINS服务器·······························································13本章小节················································································15第四章客户机上的设置·······················································161、设置网络连接信息································································162、客户机加入域······································································163、本章小结············································································18秦皇岛职业技术学院信息工程系４第五章设计中遇到的重点及难点·········································19第六章本次设计中存在不足与改良方案·······························20结论··············································································25参考文献··············································································26致谢··············································································27指导教师评语·······································································28答辩委员会评语····································································29秦皇岛职业技术学院信息工程系５写在配置前我们就要开始搭建一个小型域环境网络了，先说一下我们的设计要求。构建一个小型网络办公环境，网络规模20台电脑左右，网络中计算机通过交换机相连，确保其连通性。要求在本网络中组建域，并能够实现动态地址的分配，能够提供dns服务，wins服务，网络打印服务，ftp的访问服务，并在其中一台机器上实现网络监视的功能。其他如ntfs等设置可自行考虑添加。看完设计要求这里本人还需要需要说明一下，在这篇文章中本人仅从理解知识点的角度出发力求把学到的东西都能写出来。所以配置时没有过多考虑成本问题。有关不足和改良请看第6章内容。下面我们先来简单说一下域中的三种计算机，一种是域控制器，域控制器上存储着ActiveDirectory；一种是成员服务器，域中具有服务器版本操作系统的计算机，负责提供DHCP，FTP和数据库等服务；还有一种是工作站，域中具有客户机版本的操作系统的计算机，是用户使用的客户机。接下来我们便着手搭建一个基本的域环境网络了。首先确认server1，server2，server33台物理服务器使用NTFS文件系统。为server1手动分配网络连接的详细信息；IP：192.168.0.2；子网掩码：255.255.255.0；网关：192.168.0.1；首选DNS服务器：192.168.0.2；备选DNS服务器：192.168.0.4；WINS服务器：192.168.0.4。如图1秦皇岛职业技术学院信息工程系６图1为server2手动分配网络连接的详细信息；IP：192.168.0.3；子网掩码：255.255.255.0；网关：192.168.0.1；首选DNS服务器：192.168.0.2；备选DNS服务器：192.168.0.4；WINS服务器：192.168.0.4。如图2图2为server3手动分配网络连接的详细信息；IP：192.168.0.4；子网掩码：255.255.255.0；网关：192.168.0.1；首选DNS服务器：192.168.0.4；备选DNS服务器：192.168.0.2；WINS服务器：192.168.0.4。秦皇岛职业技术学院信息工程系７如图3图3然后把23台计算机通过交换机相互连接，准备工作完成了，接下来开始配置服务器咯。秦皇岛职业技术学院信息工程系１第一章server1上服务器软件的安装与配置首先我们要察看server1的网络连接的详细信息是否正确。然后我们来开始安装DNS组件。1、安装和配置DNS服务器1.1安装DNS服务器找到控制面板/添加或删除程序/点选【域名系统】确定后系统会自动安装，过程很简单，这里我们先不进入新建区域向导，因此不需要做任何设置。看到图4表示DNS服务器安装成功。图41.2配置DNS服务器我们现在启动DNS控制台，在右键点选“正向查找区域”，选择”新建区域”选择“创建正向查找区域”，设置这台服务器维护该区域，新建区域名称：abc.edu.cn，允许非安全和安全的动态更新，（因为后面我们要与活动目录动态跟新数据，所以这里选择允许非安全和安全的动态更新）根据向导提示看到如图5。秦皇岛职业技术学院信息工程系２图5单击完成，结束对abc.edu.cn区域的配置。从新建的abc.edu.cn区域我们可以看到已有两条默认的记录，即SOA和NS记录。我们先在新建的区域下新建三个主机：server1,IP:192.168.0.2;server2,IP:192.168.0.3;和server3,IP:192.168.0.4。然后新建别名：FTP指向server2.abc.edu.cn。如图6。图6秦皇岛职业技术学院信息工程系３然后我们再在NS记录中删除原有名称服务器，添加server1.abc.edu.cn和server3.abc.edu.cn;（这里我们会再后续章节中具体说明。）在SOA记录中删除原有服务器，添加server1.abc.edu.cn。如图7至此完成对DNS服务器的配置。2、安装和配置主域控制器2.1安装域控制器在“管理您的服务器”双击“添加删除角色”选择“域控制器”单击下一步启动ActiveDirectory安装向导，选择“在新域的域控制器”，“在新林中创建域”，指定新域的DNS全名为：abc.edu.cn；NetBIOS名称为：abc；ActiveDirectory数据库中的重要文件的路径我们都使用默认值，接下来ActiveDirectory的安装向导会对DNS服务器进行检测，检查是否在DNS服务器上已经创建了和域名相同的区域，区域是否允许动态更新。如图8所示，秦皇岛职业技术学院信息工程系４图8DNS检测通过。（注意，如果DNS检测有问题，我们应该及时排除故障，而不应该继续向下进行。）接下来选择用户和组的默认权限，我们选择“window