复习不定式的被动语态

复习动词不定式的被动语态一.复习被动语态英语动词有主动语态和被动语态两种形式.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；如:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候,或强调动作的承受者时。读课文中句子分析被动语态的构成1.Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops,hewroteoutalistofitemsforher.2.ThewomenwereimpressedbyClaire,thehouseandthedeliciouscuisine.构成:be+动词的过去分词一般进行完成现在am/is/aregiven过去was/weregiven将来shall/willbegiven时式二.常见主被动时态变化一览表am/is/arebeinggivenhas/havebeengivenwas/werebeinggivenhadbeengivenshall/willhavebeengivene.g.Iamgivenapen.★被动语态的基本结构:be+done一般现在/过去时：Thebook____________________.一般/过去将来时:Thebook_________________________.Thebook__________________________.现在/过去进行时：Thebook__________________________.现在/过去完成时:Thebook___________________________.情态动词：Thebook_____________________________.is/waspublishedwill/wouldbepublishedis/wasgoingtobepublishedis/wasbeingpublishedhas/hadbeenpublishedcan/could/may/might…bepublished以thebook,publish为例1.Mycakes_______(eat)bythedog.2.Theroom________(clean)everyday.3.Hewill______(send)toAfricanextweek.4.Printing____________(introduce)toEuropefromChina.5.Look!Thereisnothinghere.Everything___________(take)away.wereeateniscleanedbesentwasintroducedhasbeentaken不定式由“________________”构成,其否定形式是“_________”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,在句子中作______、_____、_____、_____、_____、_____或_____结构。不定式没有人称和数的变化,但有_____和_____的变化。独立主语表语宾语宾补定语状语时态语态动词不定式to+do(动词原形)nottodo不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般时、完成时、进行时和完成进行时。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。形式主动被动一般时进行时完成时完成进行时todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用_____语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时用_____语态。进行时和完成进行时没有被动语态。主动被动Toloveandtobelovearethegreatesthappiness.不定式被动语态作___语主______________(encourage)makesmeconfident.TobeencouragedItisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.不定式被动语态作___语主形式主语改写:Tobecheatedisadisappointment.______________________________________.Itisadisappointmenttobecheated.Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldnextweek?不定式被动语态作_______语后置定1.翻译:即将建成的图书馆位于市中心_________________________________________________________________Thelibrarytobebuiltliesinthecitycenter.Shehatestobecheated.不定式被动语态作___语宾翻译:它拒绝被吃掉_________________________Itrefusestobeeaten.常接不定式做宾语的动词速记口诀：三个希望两答应：______________________________________两个要求莫拒绝：______________________________________设法学会做决定：____________________________________不要假装在选择：____________________________________hope,wish,want,agree,promisedemand,ask,refusemanage,learn,decidepretend,chooseLookatthepictureandcompletethesentences:1.Thedishesneed___________________.2.Themailneeds___________________.3.Thesingerrefused________________.4.Thehouse__________________.tobewashedtobesenttobephotographedtobesold(wash)(send)(photograph)(被要求sell)AllthegiftsmustbesentimmediatelysoastobereceivedbeforeChristmas.不定式作______语目的状Herushedhometobetoldhisparentshadpassedaway.不定式作______语结果状Tobepraisedbytheteacher,thegirlworksveryhard不定式作______语原因状Heistooyoungtobesenttoschool.不定式作______语结果状DaXiong’sdreamistobeadmiredbyothers,especiallyJingXiang.不定式作___语,跟在_________________等词之后表系动词、感官动词1.Theprojectis_____________(complete)bynextmonth.2.Thecleaningis__________(finish)byafternoon.3.Mydreamis_____________(admitted)tothePekingUniversity.tobecompletedtobefinishedtobeadmittedHeorderthebaggagetobebroughttohisroom.不定式作_________语宾语补足翻译:1.老板要求邮件要在中午前发.________________________________________________________________________2.我看着他被带走。____________________________________Thebossdemandedtheemailtobesentbeforethisafternoon.Isawhimtobetakenaway.Thegirlaskedtobegivenanotherchancetotry.不定式被动语态作_______语复合谓翻译:妇女希望被平等对待。________________________________Womenhopetobetreatedequally.1.Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.2.Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.3.Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.不定式有时还可以有完成时的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。4.Hethoughtitisanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.5.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.6.Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.complexpredicate1.试比较。1.I’mgoingtothepostoffice.Ihavealettertosend.2.I’mgoingtothepostoffice.Doyouhaveanylettertobesent.※当句子主语与逻辑主语为一致时，______用主动形式表被动；当句子主语与逻辑主语不一致时，_________用主动形式表被动可以不可以1.Ihavealotofword______(say).2.---Secretary:Doyouhaveanyletter__________(type).---Boss:No,notyet.tosaytobetyped2.在therebe结构中。Thereisalotofhomeworktodo.Thereisnotimetowaste.翻译:没有什么吃的。________________________________Thereisnothingtoeat.3.在“…be+adj+todo”结构中。常用的形容词有easy,difficult,hard,impossible,nice,pleasant,light,heavy,interesting,important,expensive,cheap,fit,dangerous等。翻译：爬墙很危险。____________________________e.g.Englishishardtolearn.Wallsaredangeroustoclimb.4.在“too…to…/enough…to…”结构中。Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout.Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.翻译：她太小而不能被送去学校。____________________________Sheistooyoungtosendtoschool.翻译:许多工作要做,我无法去电影院。____________________________________________________________5.在“with+n.+todo”结构中。Withnothingtodo,helayinbed.Withalotofworkstodo,Ican’tgotothecinema.一般现在时：____________________一般过去时：____________________一般将来时：__________________________________________过去将来时：_____________________现在进行时：____