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1。。。内部文件,版权追溯考点03主谓一致【命题解读】在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。近几年来,高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近一致三个方面上。【命题预测】主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查,多以语法填空和短文改错的形式出题,在完形填空中也会有所涉及,总体难度系数较低,纵观近年的高考真题,主谓一致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计2019年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。【复习建议】1.掌握主谓一致的三个原则:语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致;2.掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配;3.掌握定语从句中的主谓一致;4.掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。高考主谓一致的知识结构一致原则考点详解例句语法一致1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago.Readinginthesunisbadforyour2eyes.2.由连接词and或both……and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。LucyandLilyaretwins.SheandIareclassmates.Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.3.主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.4.either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。Eachofushasanewbook.Everythingaroundusismatter.5.在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.一致原则考点详解例句3语法一致6.如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。ClassFourisonthethirdfloor.ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.注:people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.7.由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Therestofthelectureiswonderful.50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.注:anumberof与thenumberof的区别8.在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.逻辑一致1.what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。Whichisyourbag?Whichareyourbags?Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.2.表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.Tenmilesistoolong.3.若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.4.表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthe4接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式。table.一致原则考点详解例句逻辑一致5.算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。Twelvepluseightistwenty.Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.6.一些学科名词是以–ics结尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.Ithinkphysicsisn‘teasytostudy.7.trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,jeans等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。Myglassesarebroken.Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.8.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。Theoldaretakengoodcareof.9.a(large)quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.注意:quantities一般用复数。Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.10.agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.就近一致1.当两个主语由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…,notEithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.5only…butalso连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.2.therebe句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.Here引导的句子用法同上。如:Hereisamapandahandbookforyou.考向一语法一致语法一致:就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1.单数名词,不可数名词.,不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数。☛Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.☛Timeismoney.☛Tofinishalltheworkontimeisimpossible.☛Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.☛Thechildrenareintheclassroom2hoursago.◆由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,谓语动词用复数。WhatIboughtwere3Englishbooks.WhatIsayanddoarehelpfultoyou.2.由and或both...and连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。LucyandLilyaretwins.SheandIarefriends.BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就用单数。Thewriterandartisthascome.◆由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each,every,nomorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时,谓语动词用单数。Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom.Noboyandnogirllikesit.63.主语后面有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语时,谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.4.either,neither,each,every或no+单数neither/neither/noneof+复数名词,还有some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。Eachofushasanewbook.Everythingaroundusismatter.Neitherofthetextsisinteresting.NoneofushasbeentoSouthAfrica.5.定语从句中,关系代词that,which,who作主语时,谓语动词的数和先行词一致。Heisoneofmystudentswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.1(2018·新课标卷I·语法填空)Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65thanwalking,cyclingorswimming.【答案】is【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时,且主语是it,表示单数概念。故填is。2.Heisoneofthemostselfishmenthat_______everlived;that’swhyhardly_______makingfriendswithhim.A.has;anyonelikesB.have;doesanyonelikeC.has;noonelikesD.have;anyonelikes【答案】D76.集体名词family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等,指整体时,用单数;指集
本文标题:备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过考点03主谓一致(含解析)
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