均匀性评价-Uniformity--level-1-Training-moduleEnCh

11/WhydowehavetocareaboutUniformity?为什么我们不得不重视均匀性？2/Whatis“Uniformity”?什么是“均匀性”？3/DifferentUniformitycriteria‘s:description,effectandmeasurement不同的均匀性判别标准：描述，影响和测量4/MaincausesofNonUniformtiresinthemanufacturingprocess在生产过程中导致不均匀的主要原因5/HowtoimproveTireUniformity:apossibleactionplan如何提高轮胎均匀性：一个可行的行动方案DiscoverUniformity(=Uniformitylevel1)认识均匀性（=均匀性教程初级）21/WhydowehavetocareaboutUniformity?1/3为什么我们不得不重视均匀性？Atiremayhavevisibledefects:一条轮胎会有可见的缺陷：→ExteriorAppearance外表→Interiorappearance内表→InsidedefectsvisiblewithXrays利用Ｘ光可见的内部缺陷Butalsononvisibleones:nonUniformity但也有一些不可见的缺陷：不均匀性Itisnotbecauseadefectisnotvisiblethatitisnotimportant不能认为一个缺陷不可见就认为它不重要31/WhydowehavetocareaboutUniformity?2/3为什么我们不得不重视均匀性？Uniformitydefectscreatedrivingdiscomfortofthevehicle(evensafetyissues),butalsoquickandirregularwearofthetires.均匀性缺陷不仅会导致车辆驾乘的不舒服（甚至安全问题），也会导致轮胎的快速和不均匀磨损。Uniformitydefectsarenotsignificantonoldvehicleorbadroads,均匀性缺陷在旧车或者糟糕的道路上意义不大butthebetterthevehicleand/orthebettertheroad,themoretheuniformityissuesaresignificant但是车辆越好，道路越好，均匀性问题就越重要41/WhydowehavetocareaboutUniformity?3/3我们为什么不得不重视均匀性？Onanewsophisticatedcar,drivingonasmoothroad,onlythenoiseandvibrationofthetiresareperceivedbythepassengers坐在行驶在光滑路面上的，一辆全新的、先进的汽车上，乘客能察觉到的仅仅是来自轮胎的噪音和震动Thecarandtruckmakersaresosensitivetouniformitythattheyimposetougherandtougherspecifications轿车和卡车制造商对均匀性是如此的敏感，以至于他们强加了越来越严格的标准Ifthetiremakercannotpassthem,itcannotbehomologatedasaOriginalEquipment(OE)supplier如果轮胎制造商达不到这个标准，它就不能被确认为OE供应商Evenonthereplacementmarket,anexperienceddriverwillfeelthedifferencebetweenauniformandanonuniformtire,aslongashedrivesavehicleingoodconditiononasmoothroad.甚至在替换胎市场,只要一个有经验的司机驾驶一辆完好的汽车行驶在平整的路面上，他就会感觉到一个均匀轮胎和一个不均匀轮胎的区别52/WhatisUniformity?1/5什么是均匀性？•Ifitisnotthecase,itisnotUniform,ithasaUniformityproblem如果不是这样的话，它就不均匀，它就有均匀性问题•Atireshouldbeperfectlyround一条轮胎应该非常圆62/WhatisUniformity?2/5什么是均匀性？Therearemanywaystobe“NonUniform”,butallofthemhave1ofthe3possibleorigin:“不均匀”有很多方式，但所有这些方式都是下面三个起因的一种•1/nonuniformGeometry不均匀几何形状7•2/NonuniformMassdistribution不均匀质量分配2/WhatisUniformity?3/58•3/nonuniformRigidity不均匀刚性2/WhatisUniformity?4/59WhenthereisadifferenceinMassdistributionand/orinRigidity,thereisalsoadifferenceinGeometry.当在质量分布和/或者刚性上有差异的时候，在几何上也会有差异Sowe’llfocusonGEOMETRY所以我们集中在几何形状andstrivetohaveregularshape.并努力来达到一个规则的形状Let’sfirstreviewthedifferentUniformitycriteria’s首先我们来回顾一下不同的均匀性标准2/WhatisUniformity?5/5什么是均匀性？101/WhydowehavetocareaboutUniformity?为什么我们不得不重视均匀性？2/Whatis“Uniformity”?什么是“均匀性”？3/DifferentUniformitycriteria‘s:description,effectandmeasurement不同的均匀性标准：描述，影响和测量4/MaincausesofNonUniformtiresinthemanufacturingprocess在生产过程中导致不均匀的主要原因5/HowtoimproveTireUniformity:apossibleactionplan如何提高轮胎均匀性：一个可行的行动方案113/DifferentUniformitycriteria's,Description,EffectandMeasurement不同的均匀性标准，描述，影响和测量3.1Staticbalance静平衡3.2Dynamicbalance动平衡3.3Conicity锥度3.4LateralVariation侧向变化3.5Sidewalldistortions胎侧变形3.6OutofRound不圆度3.7RadialVariation径向变化123.1Staticbalance静平衡¼Nonuniformdistributionofweight重量的不均匀分布-Generallyonelimitedzoneisheavierorlighterthantherestofthetire一般来说就是一个轮胎一个有限的区域比其他区域重一些或者轻一些Description描述133.1Staticbalance静平衡2/4Note:“heavyspot”mostofthetimemeansTHICKERproductatsamespot:注意：”较重的点”大多数情况下意味着在同一点厚度较厚：tTTt14Effect影响3.1Staticbalance静平衡¾GeneratesVibrationofthevehicle导致车辆的颤动15-Visibleonastaticmachinetest:theheavypointgoesdown在静平衡试验机上可以看到：较重的点会下沉3.1Staticbalance静平衡4/4Measurement测量-Onarotatingmachine,thevibrationiscapturedbyasensor在旋转机上，传感器会捕获到颤动-Unit:daN*morg*cm-单位：daN*morg*cm163.2Dynamicbalance动平衡1/3-AlsoaNonuniformdistributionofweight…-同样也是重量分布不均匀Description描述-…butitcanbesituatedononeside,withit’scounterpartontheoppositesideanddiameter-…但有时它会位于一侧，在直径相反的另一侧会有和它非常相似的另一点-Notvisibleonastaticmachinetest在静平衡试验机上看不出来-Needadynamictest,sameasStaticbalancemeasurementmachine需要一个动平衡试验，和静平衡测量机一样17Effect影响3.2DynamicBalance动平衡2/3-AlsogeneratesVibrationsofthevehicle同样也会造成车辆的颤动-notonlyvertical,不仅仅是垂直的，-butalsosideways而且也会是横向的18-SameasStaticBalance和静平衡测试一样3.2Dynamicbalance动平衡3/3Measurement测量-Unit:daN*morg*cm-单位：daN*morg*cm193.3Conicity锥度1/4Description描述-Bothsidesofthetiresarenotidentical-两个轮胎的两侧都不一样Eitheringeometry或者是几何形状orinrigidity或者是刚性203.3Conicity锥度2/4Effect影响Createsalateralforcewhichpullsthevehicleononeside会产生一个侧力，把车辆向一个方向拉Lateralforce侧力213.3Conicity锥度4/4Note注意:Wemaybeluckytohaveforceswhichsumissmallornull幸运的话，两个力的合力会很小或者是零-35daN+40daNResult=+5daN结果=+5daNBut,ifwearenotlucky,…但是，如果我们不够幸运那……22…theforcesmayaddup!……力会叠加起来！+35daN+40daNResult结过=+75daNInbothcase,itgenerateswearononesideofthetire两种情况下都会导致轮胎一侧的磨损Measurement测量:seenextcriteria看下一标准3.3Conicity锥度4/4233.4LateralVariation(=“Cyclic”)1/3侧向变化（=“循环”）Description描述Thetireisnotregular,pullsononesideandthenontheotherone,alternatively,duringeachrevolution轮胎不规则，每转一圈，先是向一侧拉，然后向另一侧，交替出现243.4LateralVariation/Cyclic侧向变化（循环）2/3Effect影响LateralVibrationofthevehicle车辆的侧向颤动253.4ConicityandLateralVariation锥度和侧向变化3/3Measurement测量(KgF,daN)-ThetireisputonaUniformitymachine把轮胎放到均匀测试机上-Itiscrushedonthedrumatafixradius以一个固定的半径把它压到鼓上-asenso