Informative-Speech-说明性演讲

WangJufang1InformativeSpeech说明性演讲/告知性演讲WangJufang2ContentsDefinitionTypes&IllustrationsTipsforSuccessfulInformativeSpeechYourAssignmentWangJufang3DefinitionAninformativespeechistheoneinwhichthespeakerprovidetheaudiencewithnewand/orusefulinformationaboutasignificanttopic.Audiencetheirinterest,familiarityandunderstandingPurposeyourgoal:toincreaseanaudience’sknowledgeorunderstandingofatopicyourjob:todefine,explainandclarifySubjectvarious,importanttotheaudienceWangJufang4TypesofInformativeSpeechSpeechesofDescription描述性演讲SpeechesofExplanation解释性演讲SpeechesofDemonstration演示性演讲todefinetoexplaintoclarifyWangJufang5SpeechesofDescription描述性演讲attempttogivetheaudienceaclearpictureofaparticularobject,orevent(activity).speechesaboutobjects说明事物speechesaboutevents说明事情Languageofexamples,andimageryareparticularlyimportantforthesuccessofsuchaspeech.WangJufang6SpeechesaboutObjectsObjectsreferstoanythingthatisvisible,tangible,andstableinform.e.g.places,organizations,animal,peopleOrderofDescriptionchronologicalorder时间顺序toexplainthehistoryorevolutionofthesubjectspatialorder空间顺序todescribethemainfeaturesofthesubjecttopicalorder论题顺序WangJufang7ExamplechronologicalorderSpecificPurpose:ToinformtheaudienceaboutthepoeticcareerofDuFuCentralIdea:Judgedbysomeexpertstobetheworld’sgreatestpoet,DuFuexpressedthepeople’sspiritduringatumultuous(动荡的)periodinChinesehistory.MainPoints:I.DuFuwasgreatlyinfluencedbyhisfriendshipwithLiBaiduringthe740s.II.DuFublossomedasapoetduringthe750sdespitegreatturmoil(混乱)inhispersonallife.III.DuFureachedapeakofactivityduringhisyearsinChengdufrom759to765.IV.DuFucontinuedtowriteworksoflastingimportantuntilhisdeathin770.WangJufang8ExamplespatialorderSpecificPurpose:ToinformtheaudienceaboutthedesignoftheEiffelTower.CentralIdea:TheEiffelTowerisdividedintothreesections,eachwithitsownfunctions.MainPoints:I.Thelowestsectionofthetowercontainstheentrance,agiftshop,andarestaurant.II.Themiddlesectionofthetowerconsistsofstairsandelevatorsthatleadtothetop.III.ThetopsectionofthetowerincludesanobservationdeckwithaspectacularviewofPairs.WangJufang9ExampletopicalorderSpecificPurpose:ToinformtheaudienceaboutthefourmajorelementsofaJapanesegarden.CentralIdea:ThefourmajorelementsofaJapanesegardenarestones,sand,waterandplants.Mainpoints:I.ThefirstelementofaJapanesegardenisstones,whichsymbolizemountainandislands.II.ThesecondelementofaJapanesegardenissand,whichsymbolizestheseaorothervastareas.III.ThethirdelementofaJapanesegardeniswater,whichsymbolizescleansingandpurity.IV.ThefourthelementofaJapanesegardenisplants,whichsymbolizelifeandthechangingseasons.WangJufang10SpeechesaboutEventsEventmeansanythingthathappensorisregardedashappening.somethingthatoccursinacertainplaceduringaparticularintervaloftimeOrderofDescriptionchronologicalorder时间顺序torecountthehistoryofaneventtopicalorder论题顺序toapproachaneventfromalmostanyangleorcombinationofanglesfeatures,origins,implications,benefits,futuredevelopmentsandsoonWangJufang11ExamplechronologicalorderSpecificPurpose:ToinformtheaudienceaboutthehistoryoftheParalympics.CentralIdea:Olympic-stylegamesforathleteswithphysicaldisabilitieshavemadegreatstridessincethefirstcompetitionmorethan60yearsago.Mainpoints:I.WhatwouldeventuallybecometheParalympicsbeganin1948withasportscompetitioninGreatBritaininvolvingWorldWarIIveteranswithspinalcordinjuries.II.In1952,theeventexpandedwhenathletesfromtheNetherlandstookpart.III.ThefirstofficialParalympicGamesforInternationalathletestookplaceinRomein1960.IV.In2001,anagreementwassignedofficiallyholdingtheParalympicGamesalongsidethesummerandwinterOlympicGames.WangJufang12ExampletopicalorderSpecificPurpose:ToinformtheaudienceaboutthefourmajorrolesinPekingOpera.CentralIdea:ThefourmajorrolesinPekingOperaareSheng,Dan,Jing,andChou.MainPoints:I.Shengistheprimarymalerole.II.Danreferstoanyfemalerole.III.Jingisapainted-facemalerole.IV.Chouisamaleclownrole.WangJufang13SpeechesofExplanation解释性演讲informtheaudienceaboutsubjectsthataretypicallymoreabstractthanthesubjectsofdescriptiveordemonstrationspeechesspeechesaboutconcepts说明概念Conceptreferstoabelief,theory,ideanotion,principle,andsoon.e.g.love,friendship,happiness,jealousy,family,society,culture,history,clone,chaostheory,bioterrorism,etc.WangJufang14SpeechesaboutConceptsGoaltheaudience’sunderstandingandcomprehensionTechniques1.Definethesubjectintermsofmostimportantfeatures“whatdifferencedoesacollegeeducationmake?Fourimportantareascometomind:Collegeeducatedpeoplehave1.greaterknowledge,2.agreaterbreadthofknowledge,3.agreaterunderstandingthroughperspective,and4.supervisedexperience.”WangJufang15continued…Techniques2.Compareanexamplewithanon-example.3.Providemoreexamplestoreinforcewhatlistenershavelearned.OrderofExplanationusuallyorganizedintopicalorderandfocusonthemainfeaturesoraspectsoftheconceptWangJufang16ExampleSpecificPurpose:ToinformtheaudienceabouttheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence.CentralIdea:TheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistencesetforthnormsforrelationsamongnations