过去分词用法讲解与练习

过去分词Page1of2一、过去分词在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。二、过去分词作表语，表示主语的①心理感觉②所处的（被动或完成的）状态：①Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.②Don’ttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.1．及物动词的过去分词作表语，既表被动，又表完成：Thecupisbroken.不及物动词的过去分词作表语，只表完成：Thestickisburnt.2．不定式、动名词、分词做表语的区别：a.不定式动作发生于谓语之后：Hisaimistotrainthestudents’speakingability.b.动名词是对主语内容的解释，主语与表语可互换位置：HisjobisteachingFrench.c.现在分词表主语的性质与特征：Themovieisamazing.d.过去分词表主语的①心理感觉②所处的状态(被动、完成)：Heiswelleducated.3．常作表语的分词：amusing,amused;encouraging,encouraged;disappointing,disappointed;confusing,confused;puzzling,puzzled;satisfying,satisfied;delighting,delighted;pleasing,pleased;convincing,convinced;astonishing,astonished;amazing,amazed;shocking,shocked三、过去分词做定语，与其所修饰名词有动宾关系，表被动或完成：Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.（非限定性定语）Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.（后置定语）Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.（前置定语）1．及物动词的过去分词作定语表被动、完成；不及物动词则只表完成，且前置（fallenleaves落叶retiredworkers退休工人therisensun升起的太阳）2．不定式、动名词、分词作定语的区别：a.时间上：不定式动作发生在谓语之后；现在分词动作与谓语同时发生；过去分词动作发生在谓语之前：Theschool①tobebuilt②beingbuilt③builtis(was)brilliant.b.动名词说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词表所修饰名词在进行的动作：awalkingstick;asleepingcar（动名词）therisingsun;thechangingworld（现在分词）c.过去分词表完成、被动；现在分词表主动、进行：acarparkedatthegate;abirdflyinginthesky;boiledwater,boilingwater;fallenleaves,fallingleaves;四、过去分词做状语：1．表①时间(有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念)②原因③条件(其前可加if)④让步⑤方式或伴随：①Seenfromhere,thecitylookedlikeagarden.②Deeplymovedbythestory,thepeoplecried.③Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.④Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.⑤Seatedatthetable,weweretalkingaboutourjob.2．过去分词的逻辑主语与句中主语不一致时，修正方法为：利用独立主格结构；改变语态；改为相应的状语从句；用with的复合结构等。如：完成作业后，孩子们出去踢足球了。Finishedtheirhomework,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(×)Theirhomeworkfinished,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(独立主格)Havingfinishedtheirhomework,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(现在分词完成形式)Whentheyfinishedtheirhomework,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(状语从句)Withtheirhomeworkfinished,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(with的复合结构)Afterfinishingtheirhomework,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(介词+动名词)五、过去分词作宾补：1．宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系：①主语让宾语做某事，强调主语的意志；②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，导致宾语的一种无意识的被动行为：①Hehadhishaircutyesterday.Lateronthecenterhadagreatmanynewtreesplanted.②Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchlastmonth.Hehadoneeyelostinthewar.2．常用在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等词后：Whenwillyouhaveyourtoothexamined?（被动语态时，则为主补：Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.）过去分词Page2of21.I'mgoingtohavemycar.A.tobefixedB.tofixC.fixedD.tofix2.What'sthelanguageinGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak3.Hehadhisleginthematchyesterday.A.tobreakB.brokenC.breakD.breaking4.Don'tgetintherain.A.tobecaughtB.catchingC.tocatchD.caught5.moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven6.thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe’dlikethatlittledollonherbed.A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen7.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsbehindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied8.Thecomputercenter,lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened*9.inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose*10.TheOlympicGames,in776BC,didn'tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayed11.Mostofthepeopletothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting12.Ifoundacarinapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuckB.stickingC.stuckD.stick13.---Bytheway,whendidyougetyourbedroom?---Lastweek.A.topaintB.paintedC.paintingD.tobepainted14.Thechildrenwerefoundinthecave.A.trappingB.trappedC.tobetrappedD.betrapped15.Thetreesinthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A.beingblowndownB.blowndownC.blowingdownD.toblowdown16.Onamorningthelittlegirlwasfoundatthecornerofthestreet.A.freezing,freezingB.frozen,freezingC.frozen,frozenD.freezing,frozen17.Nooneenjoysfunofinpublic.A.makingB.beingmadeC.tobemadeD.tomake18.BeforehecametoLondon,hehadneverheardasingleEnglishword.A.speakingB.tobespokenC.spokenD.speak19.fromspace,theearth,withwaterseventypercentofitssurface,lookslikeablueball.A.Seen,coveredB.Seen,coveringC.Seeing,coveringD.Seeing,covered20.Ancrowdiswaitingthearrivalofthefilmstar.A.excitedB.excitingC.exciteD.excitedly21.Thebuildingbyhimisunderconstruction.A.tobedesignedB.designedC.beingdesignedD.tohavedesigned*22.–Canthoseatthebackoftheclassroomhearme?–Noproblem.A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat23.MostoftheartiststothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited24.Wehadananxiouscoupleofweeksfortheresultsoftheexperiment.A.waitB.tobewaitingC.waitedD.waiting25.fromthetallestbuilding,thewholecitylooksverybeautiful.A.SeeingB.SeeC.SawD.Seen26.thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.A.NotrealizedB.NottorealizeC.NotrealizingD.Nottohaverealized1-5CBBDA6-10ADDCA11-15ACBBB16-20DBCBA21-26BAADDC