牛津版模块六unit2 Grammar and usage

UnitTwoPasttensesThesimplepasttenseThepastcontinuoustense过去完成时Thepastperfecttense一般过去时过去进行时Pasttenses:1.一般过去时主要用来表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态。如：WevisitedthefactorylastFriday.一般过去时常用的状语有yesterday,lastnight,twodaysago,atthattime或since从句等。注意：1）一般过去时所表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。如：HelivedinShanghaifor20yearsbutnowhelivesinBeijing.(现已不在上海了)HehaslivedinShanghaifor2years.(可能还在上海)2）一般过去时还可用于虚拟语气中的非真实的动作或状态，常用于特定句型中表示现在和将来时间。如：It’stimeyouhadaholiday.Iwishyoulivedclosertous.Ifonlyhedidn’tdrivesofast!IfIhadthemoney,I’dbuyacar.----CanIsmokehere?----I’dratheryoudidn’t.1.我昨天在街上遇到了Tom。2.他过去常常乘公共汽车上班。3.他进来，坐下来，拿出了一本书。4.他说如果他得到了消息会让我知道。1.ImetTominthestreetyesterday.2.Heusedtodotoworkbybus.3.Hecamein,satdownandtookoutabook.4.Hesaidhewouldletusknowifhegotanynews.2.过去进行时主要表示过去某时正进行的动作。如：Whatwereyoudoingyesterdayatsevenp.m.?注意：1）过去进行时也可与always;constantly;continually;forever;allthetime等状语连用表示感情色彩。如：Hewasmakingtroubleallthetime.2）过去进行时也可在一定上下文中也可表示按照计划安排即将发生的过去将来事态。如：Thesummervacationwasdrawingnear,butnobodyknewwheretheyweregoingfortheholiday.3）过去进行时与一般过去时的用法比较：a:Iwasreadinganovelyesterday.(未读完)Ireadanovelyesterday.(已读完)b:Hewasworkingallthroughthenight.(过去进行时侧重动作的持续时间)1.火灾爆发时，他们正在开会。2.我第一次见到他是在他在伦敦学习时。3.他过去总是惹事。4.他说下个月来看你。1.Therewerehavingameetingwhenthefirebrokeout.2.WhenhewasstudyinginLondon,Imethimforthefirsttime.3.Hewasalwaysmakingtroubleinthepast.4.Hesaidthathewascomingtoseeyouthenextmonth.3.过去完成时主要用于表示：1）完成用法：过去某一时刻或某一事件前完成的动作或状态。如：Ihadwrittenthearticlewhentheycame.2）未完成用法：过去某一时刻或某一事件前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且到那时还未结束，仍有继续下去的可能性。如：ByDecemberlastyear,hehadworkedinBeijingforfiveyears.1.当我到车站时，火车已经离开了。2.他告诉我他从未去过北京。3.到上过学期结束的时候，我们已经学习了2000个单词。4.他睡觉以前，已经连续工作了12个小时。1.WhenIarrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.2.HetoldmehehadneverbeentoBeijing.3.Wehadlearned2000wordsbytheendoflastterm.4.Beforeheslept,hehadworkedfor12hours.1.一般将来时主要用于表示某个时刻或某段时间内将要发生的动作或状态,更多的用于带有条件分句的主句中。如：Hewillcomebacknextweek.I’llaskherassoonasshecomes.Futuretenses:注意：1）在主句中用一般现在时表示一般将来时的用法：在表示车、船、飞机等按照固定的时刻表进出站、港时，尤其是特别描述某一车次、轮次和航班的进出时间时，可用此用法,句中的谓语动词常为leave,start,go等。如：Thenexttrainleavesatseveno’clock.2）在从句中用一般现在时表示一般将来时的用法：在以after,when,while,as,before，once,assoonas,if,unless等引导的状语从句中多用此用法。如：I’llcallyoubackassoonasIarriveinParis.1.你长大后打算做什么？2.他明年30岁。3.我正打算外出，天开始下雨了。4.我应该先读哪一段？5.你今晚7点在家吗？1.Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?2.Hewillbethirtyyearsoldnextyear.3.Iamabouttogooutwhenittorain.4.WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？5.Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2.将来进行时1）用于表示将来某一时刻或时段里正在进行的动作。如：Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrowmorning?2）这种结构通常带有“自然要发生”的含义。如：Youcanusemybike.Iwon’tbeneedingittomorrow.3.过去将来时通常带有表示过去将来的时间状语，多用于从属分句中。如：Hesaidhewouldcomebackthenextday.1.他说不久将来看望我们。2.他们说他们下周打算去野餐。3.我们正要打电话给你，你来了。1.Theysaidtheywoulddropinonusbeforelong.2.Theysaidtheyweregoingtohaveapicnicnextweek.3.Wewereonthepointofcallingyouwhenyoucame.1.----WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?----Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_totakeashower.(2004天津)A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstartingPractice2.---YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.---Oh,I_____forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.(2004福建)A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaited3.—GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?—No,I__.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?(2004湖北)A.wasnotinvitedB.hadn’tbeeninvitedC.havenotbeeninvitedD.didn’tinvite4.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests___whenhe___attheparty.(1989MET)A.left;hadarrivedB.left;arrivedC.hadleft;hadarrivedD.hadleft;arrived5.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe____.(1990MET)A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isarrivingD.isgoingtoarrive6.---Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation,itwassonear.---Yes.Ataxi____atallnecessary.(1992MET)A.wasn’tB.hadbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe7.Atthistimetomorrow____overtheAtlantic.(2003北京)A.we’regoingtoflyB.we’llbeflyingC.we’llflyD.we’retofly8.---Haveyoufinishedyourhomework,Mary?---No.I____mymotherinthekitchenalldayyesterday.A.washelpingB.helpedC.havehelpedD.hadhelped9.---WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyoulastnight?---I____mypaintingandwasstartingtotakeabath.A.havealreadyfinishedB.wasfinishedC.hadjustfinishedD.wasgoingtofinish10.ThistimeTom_____carefulenough,otherwisehewouldnothavepassedthetest.A.wasB.shouldbeC.hadbeenD.were11.Tomsaidhe____toher,buthe____yet.A.willwrite;didn’tB.haswritten;hasn’tC.wasgoingto;write;wasn’tD.wouldwrite;hasn’t12.---Why?Whereisthekeytothemeetingroom?---Dearme!You____itinthetaxi!A.hadneverleftB.didn’tleaveC.neverleftD.haven’tleft13.ItisthesecondtimethatI___inShanghai.WhatgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghai!ItistenyearssinceI____itlasttime.A.havebeen;leftB.hadbeen;leftC.havebeen;hadleftD.went;hadleftAnswerstoExerciseA:Para1:falls-fell;breaks—brokePara2:loves-loved;has-hadhad;is-was;has-had;had去掉Para3:has-had;is-was;was-am;Para4was-isExerciseB:1.wouldhave2.willenjoy3.wasthinking4.hadfinished5.hadbegun6.was