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主语不同,谓语动词的形式就会不同,谓语动词的人称和数随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化,这就是我们所说的主谓一致。英语的主谓一致大致可以分为三类,一类是语法上一致,一类是意义上一致。一类是就近原则“语法一致”原则用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致,就是语法一致。也就是说,如果名词中心词是单数,谓语动词用单数形式;如果名词中心词是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。HisflightleavesearlyonMondaymorning.Afewstudentsfromhisschoolaregoing,too.5.主语后跟with,alongwith,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词的数由前面主语的单复数来决定,不受短语的影响。Mr.Brown,togetherwithhischildren,hascometoChina.布朗先生和他的孩子们一起来到了中国。EveryoneexceptTom________intheclassroomwhentheclassbegan.A.wasB.isC.were答案:A6.某些只有复数形式的名词,如trousers,clothes,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数;如有单位量词时,谓语和单位量词保持一致。Histrousersaretoolong.他的裤子太长了。7.“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Thenumberofstudentsinourclassisfiftyfour.我们班学生人数为54人。Thenumberofpeopleinvited________fifty,butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were答案:C注意“anumberof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。8.主语为由some,every,any,no构成的复合代词,或由either,neither,each作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Everythinggoeswell.一切顺利。考点二意义一致意义一致是谓语动词的单复数要与主语意义上的单复数一致。即主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,则谓语动词用复数形式;若主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式。1.时间、距离、重量、金钱等名词的复数形式作整体看待作主语时,谓语用单数。1.Twentyyearsisonlyashorttimeinhumanhistory.2.Fifteenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.3.Twentypoundsisnotasamllnumber.4.Thirtydollarsistoohighapriceforabook.2.集体名词,如family,group,class,population,team,public等作主语时,若看作一个整体,其谓语动词用单数;若强调其中的每一个成员,则谓语动词用复数。Ourclasswinsthebasketballmatch.我们班赢了篮球比赛。Ourclassaretalkingaboutthetrip.我们班同学正在讨论这次郊游。3.“some/therest/all/mostofthe+名词”等既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词,谓语动词的单复数由被修饰的名词决定。Someofthesummercampsareinthecountrysideoronthelake.其中一些夏令营驻扎在乡村或湖上。Therestofthemoneywasgiventohim.剩下的钱都给了他。4.分数或百分数作主语时,谓语动词要与它们所指代的名词的数一致。Twothirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinished.工作已完成了三分之二。Halfoftheteachersinourschool________over40yearsold.A.isB.areC.hasD.have答案:B5.“the+形容词”作主语时,若表示一类人,谓语动词用复数形式;若表示抽象概念,谓语动词用单数。the+姓氏名词复数表示“……一家人”或“……夫妇”,当其在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Theblindneedmorehelp.盲人需要更多的帮助。TheGreensareAmericans.格林一家是美国人。6.不定式、动名词、句子、短语做主语时,谓语用单数。1.Tobecomedoctorsistheirdream.2.ReadingishelpfulforimprovingEnglish.3.Whatyousaidismeaningless.4.AknowledgeofEnglishisnecessaryinforeigntrade.就近原则(一)1).Eithersheorweareright.2).Iseithersheorweright?3).Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteachertakespartinthegames.4).Neitheryounoryourbrotherisinfault.2.在therebe句型中或以here等表示方位的副词开头的句子中,谓语动词be应与后面的名词保持一致。当后面的名词不止一个时,be的人称和数应与和其最靠近的那个名词的人称和数保持一致。Therearetendesksandachairintheclassroom.在教室里有10张课桌和1把椅子。1.Nonews________goodnews.Ithinkhe’llbebacksoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were2.Maths________myfavouritesubject.A.areB.isC.amD.be3.Halfoftheclass_____mostofthework.Someofthework________reallydifficult.A.havedone,isB.hasdone,areC.hasdone,isD.havedone,are4.Inourclass________ofthestudents______girls.A.threefifth,areB.threefifths,areC.thirdfifth,isD.threefifths,is5.BothKateandI________readyforthepicnicnow.A.isnotB.amgettingC.aregettingD.isgetting6.—Arethereanyfishinthelakenow?—No.___anywaterinitinwinter.A.Thereisn’tB.Therearen’tC.Itisn’tD.Theyaren’t7.Don’tworry,Mum!Nonews_____goodnews.I’msureDaddywillcomebackverysoon.A.isB.areC.wereD.was8.Apairofnewshoes________giventomeasapresentbymyfather.A.willB.hasC.isD.are9.Twentyminutes________notenoughforyoutofinishit.A.wereB.hasC.areD.is10.There________anappleandsomeorangesonthetable.A.isB.areC.hasD.have
本文标题:主谓一致
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