并列句和状语从句教案

12010级高三英语一轮复习语法专题（三）并列句和状语从句主备人王凤莲李景自备人时间2012.10.20学习目标1.了解高考题语法命题特点2.复习并列句和状语从句的知识要点3.做近5年高考题学习重点1．掌握并列句和状语从句的基本用法。2．通过做近5年高考题将语法知识熟练掌握。学习难点状语从句与名词性从句的区别学习过程内容完善并列句句子的种类：句子按用途分为四类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句。句子按结构可分为：简单句，并列句和复合句。1.简单句：①主语+谓语②主语+谓语+宾语③主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语④主语+谓语+宾语+宾语⑤主语+系动词+表语2.并列句：①表递进关系：and;notonly...butalso...;neither...nor...;not...but...等②表选择关系：or;either...or...;otherwise等③表转折关系：but;yet等④表因果关系：so;for3.复合句：句子中只要有一个从句，该句就叫主从复合句。从句分为：①定语从句②名词性从句：主语从句；宾语从句；表语从句；同位语从句③状语从句状语从句在复合句中，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词的从句，叫状语从句。按意义分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较等9种状语从句。I.时间状语从句引导词有：when,while,as（当……时）；assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,theinstant,themoment,theminute,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when；till,until,not...until；everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,anytime,after,before,since等。注意：1.时间状语从句一般不用将来时，而用一般时代替，也可用现在完成时代替将来完成时。Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.直到车停稳才能下车。2.when既可指某一点时间，也可指一段时间；while强调一段时间，所以从句的谓语动词常是延续性的；as强调从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为“一边……，一边……”或“随着……”。Astimegoeson,it’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.3.nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when这一结构需注意：主句谓语动词用过去完成时，而从句谓语动词用一般过去时；当把nosooner,hardly和scarcely提至句首时，主句应为倒装语序。Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.4.till和until都表示“直到...”。在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”，主句要用延续性动词；在否定句中表示“直到……才”，主句通常用中止性动词。notuntil...在句首时主句要半倒装。not...until句型中的强调和倒装用法：ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.5.Itwillbe+一段时间+before+一般现在时2Itwas+一段时间+before+一般过去时“一段时间之后才……”6.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since+一般过去时“自从……以来多长时间”。II.地点状语从句引导词有where,wherever等。注意：区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.（状语从句）You’dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.（定语从句）III.原因状语从句由because,as,since,nowthat(既然；由于),seeingthat(鉴于；由于),considering(that)(鉴于；考虑到……)等连词引导。IV.目的状语从句由连词sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase等引导，从句谓语动词多用can,could,may,might等情态动词。Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeincase/forfearthathisfathershouldseehim.V.结果状语从句连词有so...that;such...that等。注意：当so+adj./adv.置于句首时，要用半倒装。Socleverastudentwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.VI.条件状语从句引导词有if;unless;so/aslongas;incase;onconditionthat;suppose/supposing(that)(假定);provided/providing(that)(如果；假如；在……条件下);once(一旦……就)等。Suppose/Supposingitrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?注意：条件状语从句一般不用将来时，而用一般时代替。VII.方式状语从句引导词有：as;asif;asthoughVIII.让步状语从句引导词有although/though;as(虽然，尽管);evenif/though(即使);while(虽然);whether...or...(不论...还是);whoever,nomatterwho;whenever,nomatterwhen;however;nomatterhow;whatever,nomatterwhat等。注意：1.as引导让步状语从句必须倒装，即：从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。Childasheis,heknowsalot.MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuyit,forit’stooexpensive.Tryashemight,hecouldnofindajob.2.though引导的从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。3.although与though都可以与yet,still等连用，但不能和but连用。Although/thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.IX.比较状语从句连词有as...as(和……一样);notas/so...as(不如……);than(比……)等。X.状语从句的省略1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be。While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.If(itis)carriedoutregularly,properamountsofexercisecanimproveourhealth.2.当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略，此时构成：连词（if;unless,when,whenever）+形容词(possible,necessary)。If(itis)necessary,you’dbetterrefertothedictionary.3链接高考1.Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisen_______therewasnothingayearagobutruins.A.whenB.whereC.beforeD.until(2012山东)2.Hesmiledpolitely______Maryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.(2012山东)A.asB.ifC.unlessD.though3.---Shallwehaveourpicnictomorrow?（09山东）---_______itdoesn’train.A.UntilB.whileC.OnceD.If4.Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,_____accompaniedbyanadult.（10山东）A.onceB.whenC.ifD.unless5.Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften,______you’llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.A.tillB.orC.andD.but（11山东）6.Hehadhiscameraready______hesawsomethingthatwouldmakeagoodpicture.A.evenifB.ifonlyC.incaseD.sothat（11山东）7.Ihadhardlygottotheoffice______mywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.A.whenB.thanC.untilD.after(2012全国II)8.Youhavetomoveoutoftheway______thetruckcannotgetpastyou.(2012全国I)A.soB.orC.andD.but9.Leaveyourkeywithyourneighbor_________youlockyourselfoutoneday.(2012辽宁)A.aslongasB.eventhoughC.incaseD.asif10.—Coach,canIcontinuewiththetraining?—Sorry,youcan’t______youhaven’trecoveredfromthekneeinjury.(2012重庆)A.untilB.beforeC.asD.unless11.ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficulties_________itgetsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.(2012福建)A.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.since12.Youcanborrowmycar_________youpromisenottodrivetoofast.(2012江西)A．unlessB．evenifC．incaseD．aslongas13.Hot_______thenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.A.althoughB.asC.whileD.however(2012陕西)14.Allthephotographsinthisbook,_______statedotherwise,datefromthe1950s.A.unlessB.untilC.onceD.if(2012陕西)15.—Lookatthoseclouds!—Don’tworry.______itrains,we’llstillhaveagreattime.(2012北京)A.EvenifB.AsthoughC.IncaseD.Ifonly教后反思