中考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧

中考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧魏德明教学目的：提高学生的阅读技能重点：怎样获取有用信息难点：如何正确的做出推理判断？教学过程：一、中考中阅读的考点及所占的比重第一节共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分。测试考生阅读理解书面英语并获取信息的能力。要求考生阅读4篇短文，并根据阅读材料从每题所提供的选项中选出最佳选项或选择句子补全短文。第二节共10小题；A)部分每小题2分，B)部分每小题1分，满分15分。要求考生根据所提供的短文和情景，选择最佳选项补全语篇。二、阅读题的阅读方式和解题步骤阅读方式：快速阅读（略读），仔细阅读（精读）解题步骤：读题---读文章---解题三、阅读题题型（一）细节理解题解题技巧：通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：1.五个W（who，which，when，where,what）和一个H（how）；2.数字、日期、时间等；3.注意加强语气的词。然后运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。YoumayknowthesongHappyBirthdayverywell.Butdoyouknowaboutitswriter?ItwaswrittenbyanAmericangirl.Andshebecameveryrichafterthat.（2013夹江二调）51.ThesongHappyBirthdaywaswrittenby.A.anAmericangirlB.anAmericangirl’sgrandmaC.anAmericangirl’sfriendOneday,therewasablindmancalledJohnsittingonthebench（长凳）withahatbyhisfeetandasignthatread,Iamblind.Pleasehelpme.”（乐山13二调）51.What'stheblindman'sname?A.Tom.B.John.C.Tony.（二）词句理解题解题技巧：1.正确理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解，推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。2.根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：（1）注意定义和解释；（2）同义词或近义词的提示；（3）近义词和反义词的提示；（4）利用悬念的属种关系；（5）借助已有知识或生活常识。Underthenewrules,localgovernmentsmustmakesurethatstudentsattendnearbyschoolsorboarding（寄宿的）schoolstoreducetrafficrisks（风险）.Also,localgovernmentsmusthelpkidsinthecountrysidereachtheirschoolbuses.(2012乐山中考)51.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“attend”mean?A.joininB.dropoutC.gotoShepaidwithahundred-dollarbill.Butthewaitressreturnedwiththechangetheladywasgone.Onthetableshesawasmallnote.Thereweretearsinhereyeswhenshereadit:“SomebodyoncehelpedmethewayI’mhelpingyou.Ifyouwanttopaymeback,continuebeingkindtoothers.”Underthenotewereninemore$100bills.（2013乐山二调）59.Theunderlinedword“it”(paragraph5)refersto“”.A.thechangeB.thebillC.thenoteD.theorder（三）推理判断题解题技巧：1.分析文章的主旨。2.分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。3.寻找文章的逻辑思路。4.核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。Amanwassellinganewkindofvacuumcleaner（真空吸尘器）.Hewentfromstreettostreet.Aftersometime,heknockedonthedoorofahouseonthestreet.Aladyopenedthedoor.“Goodmorning,Madam,”saidtheyoungman.“IfIcouldtakeafewminutesofyourtime,Iwouldliketointroducetheverylatestvacuumcleaners.”“Goaway!”criedoutthewoman.Inamoment,theyoungmanrushedintoherlivingroomandopenedabigblackbag.Thenhepouredapileofcowdroppings（一堆牛粪）ontothefloor.“Madam,ifIcannotcleanthisupwiththisnewvacuumcleaner,Iwilleatthemall!”criedtheconfidentyoungman.“Doyouneedketchup（番茄酱）withthat?askedthelady.Theyoungmanwasconfused(困惑的).“Why,madam?heasked。“There'snoelectricityinthehouse,saidthelady.51.Theyoungmanwasprobablya(an).A.salesmanB.cleanerC.troublemaker（四）归纳概括题解题技巧：通读全文，了解大意，灵活运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等方法，准确理解文章的话题和中心思想。有时还要求对作者叙述的意图和观点作进一步剖析，甚至推测作者的语气和态度等。一般说来，文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主题句，且多位于段首或段末，有时也会夹在中间。对无主题句的篇章，考生应对文章进行分析和归纳，然后概括中心思想。Inourlife,wemaymeetpersonwithdifferentpersonalities.Whatisyourpersonalitytype?Readaboutthefollowingandfindout!ADreamerthinksthereisarightwaytodothings.Thispersonwantstoliveintheperfectworld.Manyaregoodlistenersandliketohelpothers.ManyDreamersworkasteachers,andoftenleadothers.FamousDreamers:MohandasGandhi,AngelinaJolie.APartnerwantstobeinagroup.Forthisperson,rulesareimportant.Theyconsidertraditiontobeofgreatvalue.Partnersareoftenserious,carefulpeople.Manydowellasteachers,managersandpoliceofficers.FamousPartners:QueenElizabethⅡ，MotherTeresa.ForThinkers,understandingthingsisveryimportant.Theyliketodealwithproblemsandmakenewthings.Thinkerscanalsobeactive.Theyliketowin.Theyhaveverystrongopinions.ManyThinkersworkasscientists,inventorsandengineers.FamousThinkers:BillGates,StephenHawking.Artistswanttobefree.Theydon'twanttofollowtherulesallthetime.Theyalsoliketryingnewthings.LikeThinkers,manyArtistshavestrongopinions.Theyarecreativeanddowellasmusiciansandactors.FamousArtists:CristianoRonald,Madonna.60.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FamousPeopleB.PersonalityTypesC.PerfectWorld四、巩固练习AWeweregoingtoplayagainstateamfromacountryschool.Theydidn’tcomeuntilthelastminute.Theylookedworsethanwehadthought.Theywerewearingdirtybluetrousersandlookedlikefarmboys.Wesatdownforarest.Wefeltthatwedidn’tneedanypracticeagainstateamlikethat.Thegamebegan.Oneofusgottheballandheshotalongpasstoourforward(前锋).FromoutofnowhereaboyinanoldT-shirtstoppedtheballandwithbeautifulstyleheshotandgottwopoints.Thenanothertwopointsinaminute.Soonthegamewasallover.Wewerebeatenbythecountryteam.Afterthat,wethoughtalot.Wecertainlylearnedthateventhoughateamisverygood,thereisusuallyanotherteambetterthanyours.Youcan’tbealwaysthebest.Andtheimportantlessonwelearnedwas:Onecan’tjudge(判断)apersononlybyhisclothes.1.Thecountryteamarrivedsolate.A.nobodysawthemB.thewriter’steamwereangryC.theyhadnotimetowarmupD.theywonthegame2.Theteamfromthecountrywereinoldclothes,sothewriter’steam__________.A.lookeddownuponthemB.couldwinC.didn’tlikethecityboyD.wereafraidofthem3.Theteamfromthecountywonbecause__________.A.theywereinoldclothesB.theydidn’tpracticebeforethegameC.theypracticedbeforethegameD.theteamwasbetterthanthewriter’s4.Fromthetext,wecanguessthewriter’steamis__________.A.abasketballteamfromthecountryschoolB.afootballteamfromaschoolinthecityC.abasketballteamfromaschoolinthecityD.afootballteamfromthecountryschool5.Thewriter’steamlearnedalotfromthegame.Theygottoknowho