unit-2-the-fine-art-of-putting-things-off

Unit2Thefineartofputtingthingsoff•Discussion•IfyouaregoingtosubmityourEnglishcompositionbytheendofnextweek,willyoustartwritingitrightnoworwaituntilthenightbeforethedeadline?Doesitmakeyoucomfortabletodoso?•1.Procrastinationisthethiefoftimeisaverywell-knownproverbthatremindsusthatweshouldNeverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday,whichisyetanotherproverb.Haveyoubeentaughttodothingspromptly?Doyoubelieveinthesetwoproverbsandactaccordingly?•2.Therearepeoplewholiketodothingspromptlyandalsopeoplewhoarepronetopostponewhatevertheyaresupposedtodo.Towhichcategorydoyouthinkyouyourselfbelong?Whatdoyouthinkaretheadvantagesofbeingado-it-nowerorapostponer?Do-it-nowersvs.postponerNotinorderKeepeverythinginorder4Keepirregularhours;behindthescheduleKeepregularhours;punctual3DelayuntilthedeadlineandfindexcusesfordelayDosomethinglongbeforethedeadline2Withoutcarefulplan;inahurryPlansth.carefullyinadvance1postponerDo-it-nowersWhataretheprosandconsofprocrastination?BecomeindecisiveAvoidmakinghastydecisions6IncreasedfeelingsofoverwhelmGetmoreusefulinformation7FallbehindorloseyourcompetitiveedgeMakesroomforcreativity5NegativeimpactonrelationshipCooldownyouranger8PutyouinanawkwardandpassivesituationProblemsmayendupgettingsolved4DrainyourmentalenergyPutoffunpleasanttasksinfavorofmoreenjoyablethings3MissanopportunityCreatetimeforsomethingelsethatismoreimportant2Decreasedself-confidenceReducestress/pressure/anxiety1NegativePositiveTextStructure:Argumentation•Thesis:•Procrastinationisnotaltogetherabadpractice•I.Presentingthetopic(1-2)•1.Fourexamplesofprocrastination•2.Classificationofhumanbeingsintotwocategories•II.Elaboration(3-7)•3.Intheliterary/artisticfield:inspiring,reviving,stimulating•4.Inthemilitary,diplomaticandlawfield:timetoreflect;strategies•5.Inthebusinessfield:avoidmakinghastyandcostlydecision•6.Intheadministrativefield:avoidhastydecisions•7.Intheacademicfield:acommonpractice•III.Explanation(8)•1)Unwillingtoconfrontsomethingtheydread•2)Anunconsciouswayofsortingtheimportantfromthetrivial•IV.Conclusion(9)•1)Manydecisionsmaybeimprovedifpostponed•2)Timeisnotmeanttobedevouredbuttobeconsumeddelicatelyandwithouthaste•Coherence•ThecentralissueofDemarest'sessayisthenotionofprocrastination,whichrunsthroughthewholepieceofwritingandcontributes,toagreatextent,toitscoherence.•CoherenceandCohesion•Whilecoherenceisbasicallyamatterofmeaning,grammaticalandlexicaldevices,knownascohesion,arealsousedtoenablethereadertofeelmoreclearlythecoherenceofwriting.•CohesiveDevices•AnimportantcohesivedeviceusedinEnglishisreference,whichmeanstheuseofsuchwordsasdemonstrativepronouns,personalpronouns,andthedefinitearticletorefer,inmostcases,towhathasbeenmentionedearlierorsometimestowhatisgoingtobementionedlater.•Apartfromreference,conjunction,i.e.theuseoftheso-calledtransitionalwordsandphrases,andlexicalcohesion,i.e.therepetitionofawordinexactlyitsoriginalformorinitssynonym,ortheuseofrelatedwordssuchasitsantonymsarealsocommontypesofcohesioninEnglish.•LocationsofCohesion•Cohesionisoftenfoundbetweensentencestomakethemhangtogether.Butitcanalsobeusedbetweenparagraphstoweavethemmorecloselyintoonepiece.•MoreExamplesfromtheText•Theuseofthewordyetatthebeginningofpara.3indicatesthatinthisparagraphthereaderwillfindsomethingcontrarytowhathehasreadaboutintheprecedingone.(Para.2illustratesthetroubleprocrastinationmayincurwhilepara.3tellsthereaderthatdelaycanofteninspireandreviveacreativesoul.)•Atthebeginningofpara.4,thewordcunctatorisrepeated,itsfirstoccurrencebeinginpara.1.••Para.5beginswiththeparodyoftheproverbWherethereisawill,thereisaway.Thewordwillintheparodyrepeatsthewordwillinthelastsentenceofpara.4,thoughusedinadifferentsense.•Hispointatthebeginningofpara.6referstowhatManderbachsaysintheprecedingparagraphs.•Theuseofthewordalsointhefirstsentenceofpara.7referstoasimilarsituationmentionedpreviously.•LibraryWork•1.PhilipDormerStanhope,4thEarl(伯爵)ofChesterfield,(1694-1773),Englishstatesman,oratorandauthor.Hisliteraryreputationrestuponhisletterstohisillegitimateson,PhilipStanhope,whowasborninHollandin1732.Theletters,filledwithwitandworldlywisdom,werepublishedunderthetitleLetterstoHisSon(1774)LibraryWork•2.SamuelJohnson,(1709–1784),Englishpoet,critic,andmanofletters,theliterarydictatorofEnglandinthelatterhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyandoneofthemostfamouspersonalitiesofhistime.HeisbestknownforhisDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1755),whichisinsomerespectsaninnovationinlexicography.Hehadthestrongestinfluenceofanyofhiscontemporariesontheliterarythoughtandstyleofthelatterpartoftheeighteenthcentury.•3.QuintusFabiusMaximusCunctator(ca.280–203B.C.),RomangeneralwhosecautiousdelayingtacticsduringtheearlystagesoftheSecondPunicWar(218–201B.C.)gaveRometimetorecoveritsstrengthandtaketheoffensiveagainsttheinvadingCarthaginianarmyofHannibal(247–163B.C.),whosworeeternalenmitytoRome.TheStoryofMoses•HiddeninaBasket•WhenMoseswasborntheHebrewswereslavesinEgypt.Pharaohwasafraidofthembecausehethoughttheymighttakeoverhiscountry.HeorderedthatallHebrewbabyboysbekilledatbirthsothattheywouldnotgrowupand