道康宁有机硅基础培训教程

1DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™SiliconeSiliconeChemistryChemistry2DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™CONTENTCONTENT
CHEMISTRYOFSILICONES.
SILICONEPHYSICO-CHEMICALPROPERTIES
NOMENCLATURE3DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™TheChemistryofsiliconesTheChemistryofsilicones4DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™WhatareSiliconesWhatareSilicones--SiliconesareorganicSiliconesareorganic--inorganicpolymersconsistofinorganicpolymersconsistofsilicon,carbon,oxygenandhydrogensilicon,carbon,oxygenandhydrogen--SiliconSiliconThepureelementSi,28%ofearthThepureelementSi,28%ofearth’’scrustscrust--SilicaSilicaSand,naturallyoccurringSiO2Sand,naturallyoccurringSiO2--SilicateSilicateSi&OandothermetalsSi&Oandothermetals--SiliconeSiliconeApolymerApolymer--Siliconeexistas:linearorbranchedfluids,cyclics,Siliconeexistas:linearorbranchedfluids,cyclics,gums,resins,gums,resins,elastomerselastomers--Thereare1000Thereare1000’’sofdifferentproducts,for1000sofdifferentproducts,for1000’’sofsofdifferentapplicationsdifferentapplications5DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™ApplicationsforSiliconesApplicationsforSiliconesAerospaceAutomotiveChemicals/PetrochemicalsConstructionConsumerProductsElectrical/ElectronicsFoodProcessingIndustrialMaintenanceProductionDowCorning’sproductsandspecialtymaterialsareusedbycustomersinvirtuallyeverymajorindustry.MedicalProductsPaints&CoatingsPersonal,Household&AutomotiveCarePharmaceuticalsPlasticsPressure-SensitiveAdhesivesTextiles&Leather6DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™MakingSilicones:OverviewMakingSilicones:OverviewCuMeClChloroSilanesMe(n)SiCl(4-n)H2OHydrolyzates:(Linear+Cyclics)CommercialProductsPolymerizationPolymerizationCompoundingCompoundingEmulsificationEmulsificationetcetc.Separation7DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™FromsandtoSilicones:1FromsandtoSilicones:1ThetwostartingmaterialsforourprocessesareThetwostartingmaterialsforourprocessesaresiliconsiliconmetalandmetalandmethylchloridemethylchloride••ReductionofsandintoReductionofsandintosiliconsiliconmetal:metal:SiO2+2C=Si+2COSiO2+2C=Si+2COSand(silica)CarbonSand(silica)CarbonSiliconSiliconCarbonmonoxideCarbonmonoxide••MethylchlorideMethylchlorideproduction:production:CH3OH+CH3OH+HClHCl=CH3Cl+H2O=CH3Cl+H2OMMethanolethanolHydrochloricacidHydrochloricacidMethylMethylWaterWaterChlorideChloride8DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™FromsandtoSilicones:2FromsandtoSilicones:2••DirectProcess(DirectProcess(RochowRochow):):ChlorosilanesChlorosilanes%%Si+CH3Cl=Si+CH3Cl=(CH3)2SiCl2(CH3)2SiCl25050SiliconSiliconMethylchlorideMethylchloride+CH3SiCl310+CH3SiCl310--3030+(CH3)3Si+(CH3)3SiClCl1010+CH3HSiCl25+CH3HSiCl25+other+othersilanessilanes......9DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™FromsandtoSilicones:3FromsandtoSilicones:3••HydrolysisofHydrolysisofChlorosilanesChlorosilanes::Me2SiCl2Me2SiCl2+H2O=+H2O=HO(Me2SiHO(Me2SiO)O)nnHH((linearslinears)),n=20,n=20--5050++(Me2SiO)(Me2SiO)mm(cyclics),(cyclics),m=3,4,5m=3,4,5++HClHCl(HydrochloricAcid)(HydrochloricAcid)HydrochloricAcidHydrochloricAcidisrecoveredandusedtomakeisrecoveredandusedtomakeMethylMethylChloridefortheDirectProcessChloridefortheDirectProcess10DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™FromsandtoSilicones:4FromsandtoSilicones:4••PolymerisationPolymerisationofcyclicsofcyclicsCyclics+Me3SiCyclics+Me3Si--OO--SiMe3=Me3SiSiMe3=Me3Si--OO--[Me2Si[Me2Si--O]O]xx--SiMe3SiMe3endblockerendblockerBBpolydimethysiloxanespolydimethysiloxanes••CondensationofCondensationoflinearslinearsLinear+acidorbase=HOSiMe2Linear+acidorbase=HOSiMe2--OO--[Me2Si[Me2Si--O]O]yy--SiMe2OHSiMe2OHcatalystcatalystSiliconePolymerSiliconePolymer+H2O+H2OWaterWater11DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™RepeatUnitRR||--[[SiSi--OO]n]n--||RRPolydimethylsiloxanePolydimethylsiloxaneRR==--CH3(Me)orOrganicfunctionCH3(Me)orOrganicfunctionn=numberofrepeatunitsn=numberofrepeatunitsPolyPolydimethyldimethylsiloxanesiloxane(thesimplestsilicone)(thesimplestsilicone)12DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™HowcanSiliconeMolecularbeChanged?HowcanSiliconeMolecularbeChanged?Mwt•VolatileFluid•Gum•Non-VolatileFluid•ViscousFluidOrganoFunctionality•Dimethyl•Polyether•Amino•AlkylMolecularStructure•Cyclo•Linear•X-L•ResinousViscousFluid13DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™SiliconeChemistrySiliconeChemistryDifferentMolecularStructures/PhysicalFormsDifferentMolecularStructures/PhysicalFormsH3CCH3H3CCH3CH3CH3CH3SiOSiOSiOSiOH3C(D4)RingPolymer(Cyclomethicone)Liquid,solidCH3SiOCH3CH3nCH3CH3CH3CH3CH3SiSiOLinearPolymer(Dimethicone)Liquid,gumCrosslinkedPolymer(Gel,Rubber)Resin:Solid,LiquidRSiOSiSiOSiOOSiOSiSiOSiOOOOOORRRRR14DowCorning...WeHelpYouInventTheFuture.™OrganofunctionalOrganofunctionalSiliconesSilicones••CanreplacesomeofthemethylgroupswithCanreplacesomeofthemethylgroupswithalternativeorganicgroupsalternativeorganicgroupsMeMeMeMeMe3SiO(SiO)x(SiO)ySiMe3Me3SiO(SiO)x(SiO)ySiMe3MeMeRR••TheseorganosiliconeshaveadditionalinterestingTheseorganosiliconeshaveadditionalinterestingpropertiesandapplicationscomparedtothesimpleprop