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本科课程设计题目:过程流体机械课程设计学院:机械与自动控制学院专业班级:过程装备与控制工程姓名:学号:二O一六年七月目录摘要··························································I第一章工作原理和设计方法·········································11.1工作原理···················································11.2设计方法···················································11.2.1球阀结构··················································11.2.2球阀材料··················································21.2.3阀体················································31.2.4球体················································41.2.5阀杆················································4第二章球阀尺寸计算················································62.1阀体·······················································62.2阀杆·······················································62.2.1阀杆尺寸···········································62.3球体尺寸计算···············································62.4密封比压···················································62.5球阀转矩···················································92.6法兰螺栓校核··············································102.7法兰选型··················································11第三章数值模拟计算方法·········································123.1数学模型···················································123.2网格划分···················································133.3边界条件···················································143.4CFD使用步骤················································14第四章管道内流体模拟结果分析·····································154.1球阀在不同相对开度时的速度分析·······························154.2球阀在不同相对开度时的压力分析·······························164.3球阀在不同相对开度时的流量系数分析···························17第五章总结·······················································参考文献··························································摘要本学期过程流体机械,我组所做课程设计为V型球阀。V型球阀属于固定球阀,也是单阀座密封球阀,调节性能在球阀中比较有优势。本设计说明根据已知的球法者及经验对DN100mm,PN1MPa的球阀进行设计,主要包括了材料选择,结构设计,尺寸计算,强度校核,三维建模,CFD数值模拟分析等。并且,尽量式结构在满足其工艺要求的前提下,降低结构的复杂性。本设计中,根据老师给定的数据和已知条件进行设计,并根据国家标准和设计手册进行选材。设计期间用到了solidworks进行三维建模,并建立了流道图,用到了gambit进行网格划分,设置边界条件,用fluent进行对不同开度时的流道进行压力和速度分析并获得相应云图。通过以上软件完成对V型球阀的分析计算。并未以后的相应工作打好相应的基础。关键词:结构设计,尺寸计算,强度校核,数值分析1第一章工作原理及设计方法1.1工作原理具有与截止阀相同的旋转90度提动作,不同的是旋塞体是球体,有锥形通孔或通道通过其轴线。当球旋转90度时,在进、出口处应全部呈现球面,从而截断流动。球阀的主要特点是本身结构紧凑,易于操作和维修,适用于水、溶剂、酸和天然气等一般工作介质,而且还适用于工作条件恶劣的介质,如氧气、过氧化氢、甲烷和乙烯等。球阀阀体可以是整体的,也可以是组合式的。V型球阀是中央有通孔的球作开关的阀门,传统上分为浮动V型球阀和轴耳固定V型球阀两种。浮动V型球阀的开关球经阀座密封对接在阀体中转动,转动到通孔与通道口对准时为全通,转动到通孔与通道口成一定角度时为全闭。浮动V型球阀的开关球通过槽与操作阀杆相连,在介质压力作用下,可相对阀杆或阀体浮动在下游阀座上,从而实现关闭密封。轴耳固定V型球阀的开关球通过以阀杆为轴的轴耳固定在阀体上,在介质压力作用下,不可相对阀体浮动,只能通过上游阀座的浮动实现关闭密封。因此,浮动V型球阀的阀座可以是固定阀座,轴耳固定V型球阀的阀座是浮动阀座。总结:V型球阀座的结构和性能可通过阀座的截面基准等边三角形来控制和调整,因此,凡V型球阀座皆可按等边三角截面法设计,首先按结构和性能基本需要确定其截面基准等边三角形,然后以截面基准等边三角形为截面要素、截面成分或截面轮廓确定阀座截面,最后按具体需要选择材料。实际上,按等边三角截面法设计,V型球阀座和开关球一同变得极易标准化,而一旦标准化后,V型球阀座和球的设计仅在于按介质和介质压力简单确定材料。(等边三角形截面法)1.2设计方法1.2.1球阀结构21.2.2球阀材料球阀材料根据公称压力选用,由球阀设计计算手册查得可选灰铸铁HT150。如图示:阀体选用HT150[𝜎𝐿]=21.5𝑀𝑃𝑎[𝜎𝑊]=40𝑀𝑃𝑎[𝜏]=11𝑀𝑃𝑎31.2.3阀体阀体为二分式阀体,法兰连接,材料为HT150设计初始条件口径:25mm压差:5000Pa进口压力:0.1MPa公称压力PN=1MPa阀体壁厚设计:𝑡𝐵′=5.892𝑚𝑚所以附加余量c=5mm所以tB=6mm1.2.4球体cpDptLNB2.5.1'4确定球体直径:对于通孔球径,球体半径一般按R=(0.8~0.95)d计算对小口径R取相对大值,反之取较小值为了保证球体表面能完全覆盖阀座密封面,选定球径后,须按下式校核:=√=24根据以上可选球径为R=24mm,A=10mm,H=6mm。1.2.4阀杆阀杆的确定可由球体的直径来确定,由球体直径D=48mm,查阀门设计手册可选阀杆:56第二章球阀尺寸计算2.1阀体口径:25mm压差:5000Pa进口压力:0.1MPa公称压力PN=1MPa𝑡𝐵′=5.892𝑚𝑚所以附加余量c=5mm所以tB=6mm2.2阀杆2.2.1阀杆尺寸:由上述方法可计算:对于球径R=24mm的球,可选用阀杆尺寸为:d=12mm,SR=50mm,h=5mm,d0=16mm,b=8mm。2.3球体尺寸计算:根据1.2.4可计算得球体的尺寸:对于通孔球径,球体半径一般按R=(0.8~0.95)d计算对小口径R取相对大值,反之取较小值。为了保证球体表面能完全覆盖阀座密封面,选定球径后,须按下式校核=√=24根据以上可选球径为R=24mm,A=10mm,H=6mm。2.4密封比压确定cpDptLNB2.5.1'78当𝑞𝑀𝐹𝑞[𝑞]时合格。密封封面材料:选用聚四氟乙烯许用比压[𝑞]=17.5𝑀𝑃𝑎必须比压𝑞𝑀𝐹=(𝑎+𝑐𝑃𝑁)√𝑏𝑀10球体中心面到法兰两端面距离𝑙1、𝑙9𝑙1=√𝑅𝑀𝑁4=20.4878𝑙=√𝑅+𝐷𝑀𝑁24=19.49n=𝑙1𝑙=1阀座平均直径:=𝐷𝑀𝑊+𝐷𝑀𝑁=26.5液体对密封面的作用力:Q=𝜋4𝑃=551.26𝑁实际比压:q=4𝑄𝜋(𝐷𝑀𝑁2−𝐷𝑀𝑊2)=4.42𝑀𝑃𝑎阀座密封面宽度:𝑏=√(𝑙1𝑙)2(𝑀𝑊𝑀𝑁)2=1.80mm对于聚四氟乙烯,其系数a=1.8c=0.9,所以𝑞𝑀𝐹=3.38𝑀𝑃𝑎综上满足要求。2.5球阀的转矩计算球体与阀座密封面间的摩擦力矩,F——球体与阀座之间的密封力,F=N,N=Q/COSΦ(N);r——摩擦半径𝑅(1+cos𝜑)=21.99𝑚𝑚R——球体半径=24mmφ为密封面对求中心的斜角;µ𝑇——球体与密封圈之间的摩擦系数,查表得=0.04。则𝑀=Nµ𝑇r=727(N·mm)2.5.1阀体螺栓设计:1)操作情况由于流体静压力所产生的轴向力促使法兰分开,而法兰螺栓必须克服此种端面载荷,并且在垫片或接触面上必须维持足够的密紧力,以保证密封。此外,螺栓还承受球体与阀座密封圈之间的密封力作用。在操作情况下,螺栓承受的载荷为:𝑊𝑃=F+𝐹𝑃+Q式中𝑊𝑃——在操作情况下所需的最小螺栓转矩(N);F——总的流体静压力(N),F=0.785D𝐺P;𝐹𝑃——连接接触面上总的压紧载荷(N),=2πb𝐺mP;qqqMF10Q——载荷作用位置处垫片的直径(mm)垫片选用GB9126.2-88内径=34mm0=51mm厚度t=1mm𝐺=(+0)/2=42.5mm垫片的有效密封宽度m=2.25比压y=15MPa宽度b=8.5mm则将各项数据代入可得螺栓工作载荷𝑊𝑃=F+𝐹𝑃+Q=7325.48(N·mm)2.6中法兰螺栓校核外部法兰由之前的数据由阀门设计手册表6-16查德选系列代号1级法兰。液体对密封面作用力𝑄𝑀𝐽=𝜋4𝑀𝑃=551.26N螺栓预紧力可求得:Q1=𝜋4𝑞(𝑀𝑁𝑀𝑊)=249.631𝑁球阀密封力Q=Q1+𝑄𝑀𝐽=800.89N设h=1mm且R=24mm𝐽𝐻=58𝑚𝑚𝑀𝑁=25𝑚𝑚𝑀𝑊=28𝑚𝑚cos𝜑=𝐾𝑅=𝑙1+𝑙2𝑅=0.833φ为密封面对求中心的斜角11其强度校核可由公式:𝑊𝑎=𝜋𝑏𝐺𝑌+𝑄𝑊𝑎=3.14∗8.5∗42.5∗15+249.63=17273.135𝐾𝑁根据公称压力以及所受的预紧力和尺寸,从GB6188-2008选用等级3.6级,碳钢,M8螺栓,预选4个,以下进行校核:由公式:𝜎𝐿=𝑊𝐴[𝜎𝐿],W取Wa与Wp之间较大值;A=4*3.14*4^2=3768𝜎𝐿=107301.653768=85.9095𝑀𝑃𝑎[𝜎𝐿]=180MPa所以所选螺栓满足其强度要求,校核成功。2.7法兰选型根据球径48mm,选择法兰外径为115mm的端法兰,其螺栓孔中心直径85mm,螺栓孔径选14mm,螺栓选取M12,因为公称压力比较小,所以选取4个即可(其强度在上面也已经校核过,在此不作说明),法兰厚度16mm。中面法兰经结合各种参数后,可得参数:法兰厚度5mm,中面法兰边长160mm,螺栓直径选M8,4个,
本文标题:球阀设计大致过程
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