中考英语阅读理解之说明文

1阅读理解之说明文Obesity（肥胖症）isbecomingaprobleminourbusysociety,andalmostoneinthreeAmericanadultsisnowconsideredtobeobese.Childrenobesityisalsoatanall-timehigh.Obesitymeansbeingveryoverweight.Ifyouareobese,youhavetoomuchbodyfat.Ifyoueatmorefoodthanyourbodycanuse,thiswillmakeyouputonweight.Foodthatyourbodydoesnotneedwillbestored(储存)asfatbyyourbody.Thefollowingarethemajorfactors(因素)thatincreasetheriskofobesity.Whatyoueatplaysamajorroleinweightgain.Eatingalotoffastfoodsuchashamburgers,sweetdrinks,icecreamsandothersweetfoodcanincreasetheriskofbecomingobese.Ifyoudonotdoenoughexercise,youwillputonweightasthefoodyoueatisnotbeingusedtomakeenergyforphysicalactivities.Thechancesofyoubeingobesearegreaterifyourparentsareobese.Therearemanypsychological（心理的)factorsthatcausepeopletoeattoomuch.Peoplewhoareworried,unhappyorboredwillofteneattomakethemselvesfeelbetter.Thisisknownascomforteating.Ageisanotherfactor,asyoutend(趋于)tobelessactivewhenyougetolder.Whenyougetolder,youneedtoeatless,andifyoudonoteatless,youwillputonweight.Obesitycancausemanyhealthproblemssuchasheartproblems,highbloodpressureandmanyotherseriousmedicalconditions.66.Theunderlinedsentenceinparagraph1meansthat________.A.obesitydoesnotdoharmtohealth.B.alltheAmericanchildrenareobese.C.therearemoreobesechildrenthanbefore.D.therearelessobesechildrenintheUSA.67.Accordingtothepassage,thereare________majorfactorsthatincreasetheriskofobesity.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six68.Whatwillthewritermostprobablytalkaboutfollowingthelastparagraph?A.Howtoavoidobesity.B.HowtoliveinthebusyUSA.C.Whatillnessesarecausedbyobesity.D.Howdoctorstreatheartproblems.英语阅读之说明文“英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等等做科学解说的。说明文通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次。说明文抽象度高，所以解题难度大，考察内容多为科普知识、动植物特性、自然和社会现象，新产品、新工艺介绍，以及人文地理、风土人情等方面，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子增多。3312【备考方法】掌握说明文的命题特点和叙述方式，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系。【命题类型与规律】1细节理解题：1）在列举处命题用first(1y)、second(1y)、third(1y)finally、notonly，butalso、then、inaddition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。2）在例证处命题句中常用由as、suchas、forexample、forinstance等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。3）在转折对比处命题一般通过however、but、yet、infact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、notsomuch，as等词语引导，命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。4）在比较处命题无端的比较、相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。5）在复杂句中命题包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。【注意】细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处，但正确的选项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思，即“同义替换”。2.语义猜测题：说明文为了把自然规律，事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白，因此学术性强的生词较多，所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式:1)theunderlinedpart“…”inparagraphrefersto…2)whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?3)whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword?...【注意】定义句、上下文、同义词、破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分，往往是猜词的依据。3.主旨理解题：即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括或归纳。【注意】尤其在选择thebest/propertitle时，不能以偏概全，也不能太泛太笼统，要注意包含贯穿全文的线索词。34.推理判断题：这种题型的答案在原文中是不能直接找到的！推断作者观点态度（attitude）时要注意文中某些用词或语气背后的隐含意义，来推断出作者是赞赏、批判还是中立。positive积极的；肯定的negative消极的；否定的neutral中立的【阅读小技巧】太绝对（all，every等）一般都不对；转折后即为重点(however,but等)；两选项互为反义，其中之一正确；包含同义替换为正确选项。本文重点固搭：1.isbecoming…2.oneinthree3.beconsideredtobe..4.beatall-timehigh创下历史新高5.meandoingsth.6.putonweight7.increasetheriskof…8.playamajorrolein…9.causesbtodosth10.eattoomuch11.makesb.dosth.12.beknownas13.tendtodosth.14.getolder/getold15.needtodo16.suchas含定语从句的句子：1.（你身体不需要的）食物将会被你的身体存储为脂肪。2.以下就是（增加肥胖风险的）主要因素。3.我们为什么变胖的原因是太多的食物和太少的锻炼。4.我们为什么变胖的原因是吃太多的食物和做太少的锻炼。5.我们为什么变胖的原因是我们吃太多的食物和做太少的锻炼。4语篇填空：Obesity（肥胖症）isbecomingaprobleminourbusysociety,andalmostone1_______threeAmericanadultsisnowconsideredtobeobese.Childrenobesityisalsoatanall-timehigh.Obesitymeans2_______veryoverweight.Ifyouareobese,youhavetoomuchbodyfat.Ifyoueatmorefood3_______yourbodycanuse,thiswillmakeyouputonweight.Foodthatyourbodydoesnotneedwillbestored(储存)asfat4____yourbody.Thefollowingarethemajorfactors(因素)5_______increasetheriskofobesity.Whatyoueatplaysamajorroleinweightgain.Eatingalotoffastfood6_____ashamburgers,sweetdrinks,icecreamsandothersweetfoodcanincreasetheriskofbecomingobese.Ifyoudonotdoenoughexercise,youwillputonweight7_______thefoodyoueatisnotbeingusedtomakeenergy8_________physicalactivities.Thechancesofyoubeingobesearegreaterifyourparentsareobese.9_______aremanypsychological（心理的)factorsthatcausepeopletoeattoomuch.People10_______areworried,unhappyorboredwillofteneattomakethemselvesfeelbetter.Thisisknown11_________comforteating.Ageisanotherfactor,asyoutend(趋于)tobe12________activewhenyougetolder.Whenyougetolder,youneedtoeatless,andifyoudonoteatless,youwillputonweight.Obesitycancausemanyhealthproblemssuchasheartproblems,highbloodpressureandmany13________seriousmedicalconditions.