孙子兵法(英汉对照)

个人转载孙子兵法（中英对照）孙子兵法TheArtofWar孙武BySunTzuTranslatedbyLionelGiles始计第一LayingPlans孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。SunTzusaid：TheartofwarisofvitalimportancetotheState.Itisamatteroflifeanddeath，aroadeithertosafetyortoruin.Henceitisasubjectofinquirywhichcanonnoaccountbeneglected.故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。Theartofwar，then，isgovernedbyfiveconstantfactors，tobetakenintoaccountinone'sdeliberations，whenseekingtodeterminetheconditionsobtaininginthefield.Theseare：（1）TheMoralLaw；（2）Heaven；（3）Earth；（4）TheCommander；（5）Methodanddiscipline.道者，令民于上同意，可与之死，可与之生，而不危也；TheMoralLawcausesthepeopletobeincompleteaccordwiththeirruler，sothattheywillfollowhimregardlessoftheirlives，undismayedbyanydanger.天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也；Heavensignifiesnightandday，coldandheat，timesandseasons.地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也；Earthcomprisesdistances，greatandsmall；dangerandsecurity；opengroundandnarrowpasses；thechancesoflifeanddeath.将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也；TheCommanderstandsforthevirtuesofwisdom，sincerely，benevolence，courageandstrictness.法者，曲制、官道、主用也。Bymethodanddisciplinearetobeunderstoodthemarshalingofthearmyinitspropersubdivisions，thegraduationsofrankamongtheofficers，themaintenanceofroadsbywhichsuppliesmayreachthearmy，andthecontrolofmilitaryexpenditure.凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知之者不胜。Thesefiveheadsshouldbefamiliartoeverygeneral：hewhoknowsthemwillbevictorious；hewhoknowsthemnotwillfail.故校之以计，而索其情，曰：主孰有道？Therefore，inyourdeliberations，whenseekingtodeterminethemilitaryconditions，letthembemadethebasisofacomparison，inthiswise：——将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。（1）WhichofthetwosovereignsisimbuedwiththeMorallaw？（2）Whichofthetwogeneralshasmostability？（3）WithwhomlietheadvantagesderivedfromHeavenandEarth？（4）Onwhichsideisdisciplinemostrigorouslyenforced？（5）Whicharmyisstronger？（6）Onwhichsideareofficersandmenmorehighlytrained？（7）Inwhicharmyistherethegreaterconstancybothinrewardandpunishment？BymeansofthesesevenconsiderationsIcanforecastvictoryordefeat.将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。Thegeneralthathearkenstomycounselandactsuponit，willconquer：letsuchaoneberetainedincommand！Thegeneralthathearkensnottomycounselnoractsuponit，willsufferdefeat：——letsuchaonebedismissed！计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。Whileheadingtheprofitofmycounsel，availyourselfalsoofanyhelpfulcircumstancesoverandbeyondtheordinaryrules.势者，因利而制权也。Accordingascircumstancesarefavorable，oneshouldmodifyone'splans.兵者，诡道也。Allwarfareisbasedondeception.故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。Hence，whenabletoattack，wemustseemunable；whenusingourforces，wemustseeminactive；whenwearenear，wemustmaketheenemybelievewearefaraway；whenfaraway，wemustmakehimbelievewearenear.利而诱之，乱而取之，Holdoutbaitstoenticetheenemy.Feigndisorder，andcrushhim.实而备之，强而避之，Ifheissecureatallpoints，bepreparedforhim.Ifheisinsuperiorstrength，evadehim.怒而挠之，卑而骄之，Ifyouropponentisofcholerictemper，seektoirritatehim.Pretendtobeweak，thathemaygrowarrogant.佚而劳之，亲而离之，Ifheistakinghisease，givehimnorest.Ifhisforcesareunited，separatethem.攻其无备，出其不意。Attackhimwhereheisunprepared，appearwhereyouarenotexpected.此兵家之胜，不可先传也。Thesemilitarydevices，leadingtovictory，mustnotbedivulgedbeforehand.夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。多算胜少算，而况于无算乎！吾以此观之，胜负见矣。Nowthegeneralwhowinsabattlemakesmanycalculationsinhistemplewherethebattleisfought.Thegeneralwholosesabattlemakesbutfewcalculationsbeforehand.Thusdomanycalculationsleadtovictory，andfewcalculationstodefeat：howmuchmorenocalculationatall！ItisbyattentiontothispointthatIcanforeseewhoislikelytowinorlose.作战第二II.WagingWar孙子曰：凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。则内外之费，宾客之用，胶漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。SunTzusaid：Intheoperationsofwar，wherethereareinthefieldathousandswiftchariots，asmanyheavychariots，andahundredthousandmail-cladsoldiers，withprovisionsenoughtocarrythemathousandli，theexpenditureathomeandatthefront，includingentertainmentofguests，smallitemssuchasglueandpaint，andsumsspentonchariotsandarmor，willreachthetotalofathousandouncesofsilverperday.Suchisthecostofraisinganarmyof100，000men.其用战也，胜久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，Whenyouengageinactualfighting，ifvictoryislongincoming，thenmen'sweaponswillgrowdullandtheirardorwillbedamped.Ifyoulaysiegetoatown，youwillexhaustyourstrength.久暴师则国用不足。Again，ifthecampaignisprotracted，theresourcesoftheStatewillnotbeequaltothestrain.夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。Now，whenyourweaponsaredulled，yourardordamped，yourstrengthexhaustedandyourtreasurespent，otherchieftainswillspringuptotakeadvantageofyourextremity.Thennoman，howeverwise，willbeabletoaverttheconsequencesthatmustensue.故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。Thus，thoughwehaveheardofstupidhasteinwar，clevernesshasneverbeenseenassociatedwithlongdelays.夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。Thereisnoinstanceofacountryhavingbenefitedfromprolongedwarfare.故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。Itisonlyonewhoisthoroughlyacquaintedwiththeevilsofwarthatcanthoroughlyunderstandtheprofitablewayofcarryingiton.善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载，Theskillfulsoldierdoesnotraiseasecondlevy，neitherarehissupply-wagonsloadedmorethantwice.取用于国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。Bringwarmaterialwithyoufromhome，butforageontheenemy.Thusthearmywillhavefoodenoughforitsneeds.国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫；PovertyoftheStateexchequercausesanarmytobemaintainedbycontributionsfromadistance.Contributingtomaintainanarmyatadistancecausesthe