第03章--要素禀赋理论(英文习题)答案

第3章要素禀赋理论英文习题（答案）-1-CHOICEQUESTIONS（D）1.Whichofthefollowingsuggeststhatanationwillexportthecommodityintheproductionofwhichagreatdealofitsrelativelyabundant（adj.丰裕的）andcheapfactorisused?a.TheLindertheory（林德理论）b.Theproductlifecycletheory（产品生命周期理论）c.TheMacDougalltheoryd.TheHeckscher-Ohlintheory（赫克歇尔-俄林理论）（C）2.Accordingtothefactor-endowmenttheory,anationwilla.Exportthatproductforwhichalargeamountoftherelativelyscarce（adj.稀缺的）resourceisusedb.Importthatproductintheproductionofwhichtherelativelyabundant（adj.丰裕的）resourceisusedc.Importthatproductintheproductionofwhichtherelativelyscarceresourceisusedd.Exportandimportsimultaneouslythatproductforwhichalargeamountoftherelativelyscarceresourceisused（B）3.TheLeontiefparadox（里昂惕夫之谜）questionedthevalidity（n.有效性）ofthetheoryof:a.Comparativeadvantageb.Factorendowments（要素禀赋）c.Overlappingdemands（重叠需求）d.Absoluteadvantage（C）4.AccordingtoH-Otheorem（H-O定理）,differencesin（）determinerelativepricelevelsandthepatternoftrade.a.Technologylevelb.Consumers’preference（消费者偏好）c.Therelativeabundanceofresourcesd.Transportationcosts（A）5.AssumethatCountryA,intheabsenceoftrade,findsitselfrelativelyabundantinlaborandrelativelyscarceinland.Thefactorendowmenttheoryreasonsthatwithfreetrade,theinternaldistribution（n.分配）ofnationalincomeinCountryAwillchangeinfavorof（有利于）:a.Laborb.Landc.Bothlaborandlandd.Neitherlabornorland（D）6.ThetrademodeloftheSwedisheconomistsHeckscherandOhlinmaintains（v.认为）that:a.Absoluteadvantagedeterminesthedistributionofthegainsfromtradeb.Comparativeadvantagedeterminesthedistributionofthegainsfromtradec.Thedivisionoflabor（劳动分工）islimitedbythesizeoftheworldmarketd.Acountryexportsgoodsforwhichitsresourceendowments（资源禀赋）aremostsuited（A）7.Accordingtothefactor-endowmenttheory,relativepricelevelsdifferamongnationsbecausea.Thenationshavedifferentrelativeendowmentsoffactorb.Thenationshavedifferentmarketscale（市场规模）andmarketstructurec.Thenationshavedifferentpopulationsized.Thenationshavedifferentincomelevel第3章要素禀赋理论英文习题（答案）-2-（A）8.Simplyput（简单来说）,theStolper-Samuelsontheorem（斯托珀---萨缪尔森定理）statesthat:a.anincreaseinthepriceofanexportincreasestheincomeoftheresourcesthatitusesintensivelyinitsproductionb.anincreaseinthepriceofanexportreducestheincomeearnedbyresourcesthatareusedintensivelyinitsproductionc.anincreaseinthepriceofanexportreducestheincomeofallfactorsthatitusessinitsproductiond.anincreaseinthepriceofanexportincreasestheincomeofallfactorsusedinitsproduction（C）9.TheStolper-Samuelsontheorem（斯托尔珀---萨缪尔森定理）suggeststhateventhoughfreetrademayprovideoverallgainsforacountry,therearewinnersandlosers.Giventhisconclusion（n.结论）,itisnotsurprisingthata.Ownersofrelativelyabundant（adj.丰裕的）resourcesandownersofrelativelyscarce（adj.稀缺的）factorstendtofavor（v.支持，赞同）freetradeb.Ownersofrelativelyabundantresourcesandownersofrelativelyscarcefactorstendtofavortraderestrictions（贸易限制）c.Ownersofrelativelyabundantresourcestendtofavorfreetrade,while（conj.但是，然而）ownersofrelativelyscarcefactorstendtofavortraderestrictionsd.Ownersofrelativelyabundantresourcestendtotraderestrictions,whileownersofrelativelyscarcefactorstendtofavorfreetrade（A）10.Researchershaveincreasinglyfocusedon（致力于）theimportanceofworkerskillsinthecreationofcomparativeadvantage.Investmentsinskill,education,andtraining,whichenhance（v.提高，增加）aworker’sproductivity,create（）inmuchthesamemannerthatinvestmentsinmachinerycreatephysicalcapital（实物资本，有形资本）.a.Humancapitalb.Humanresourcec.Physicalcapitald.Newtasteandpreference（D）11.Eveniftheexport-revenue（n.收入，所得）effect,byitself,tendstoincreasethenation’swelfare,thetermsoftradeeffectmaydeterioratesoastoleadtoanetdecline（n.下降，减少）inthenation’swelfare,thephenomenoniscalleda.Leoniefparadoxb.Factorintensityreversal（要素密集度逆转）c.Demandreversal（需求逆转）d.Immiserizinggrowth（悲惨增长）（B）12.Thestatementsaboutprerequisites（n.前提）ofimmiserizinggrowth（悲惨增长）arefalse:a.Anation’seconomicgrowthisexport-biased（adj.偏向出口的）b.Anationisasmallnation（小国）c.Anation’smarginalpropensitytoimport（进口边际倾向）isveryhighd.Anation’spriceelasticityofdemand（需求价格弹性）ofitsexportisverylow第3章要素禀赋理论英文习题（答案）-3-（C）13.Atconstantcommodityprices,anincreaseintheendowmentofonefactorwillincreasebyagreaterproportiontheoutputofthecommodityintensiveinthatfactorandwillreducetheoutputoftheothercommodity,thestatementiscalleda.Factor-priceEqualizationTheoremb.Stolper-SamuelsonTheoremc.RybczynskiTheorem（罗伯津斯基定理）d.H-OTheoremTRUE-FALSEQUESTIONS（T）1.Thefactor-endowmenttheoryhighlights（v.强调）therelativeabundanceofanation’sresourcesasthekeyfactorunderlying（v.决定，构成…的基础）comparativeadvantage.（F）2.Accordingtothefactor-endowmenttheory,anationwillimportthatgoodforwhichalargeamountoftherelativelyabundantresourceisused.Correct:Accordingtothefactor-endowmenttheory,anationwillexportthatgoodforwhichalargeamountoftherelativelyabundantresourceisused.（T）3.TheHeckscher-Ohlintheory（赫克歇尔---俄林理论）suggeststhatland-abundantnationswillexportland-intensivegoods（土地密集型产品）whilelabor-abundantnationswillexportlabor-intensivegoods.（T）4.Thefactor-endowmenttheoryasserts（v.断言，宣称）thatwithspecialization（n.专业化）andtradetheretendstooccuran