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龙源期刊网作者:郑波来源:《都市家教·下半月》2013年第10期Abstract:Kinesicsplaysanimportantroleincommunicating.Someareuniversalintheworld;somearepeculiartothespecificcultures.Understandingthedifferencesofkinesicsindifferentculturescanbettereliminatemisunderstanding.Keywords:kinesics;understanding;differentculturesKinesicsincludesfacialexpressions,gestures,posturesandeyecontact,etc.Kinesicsisanimportantformofnon-verbalcommunication.UsingKinesicswronglycanleadtofailureininterpersonalcommunication,orevenconflictsininternationalcommunication.I.CommunicativeProblemsCausedbytheDifferencesinChineseandWesternKinesics1.MisunderstandingSomekinesicsindifferentculturesmayhavedifferentmeaningsoreventotallycontrarymeanings.Forexample,intermsofinterpersonalspace,inChina,beingcloseindistancemeansbeingintimateinrelation;inthewest,appropriatedistancemeansrespect.EspeciallywhencomparingChineseandWesterngestures,itiseasytofindthattherearemanysamegesticulationsthathavedifferentmeaningsinWesternandChinesecultures.IfanAmericankeepshisfingerscrossedbeforehischest,Chineseusuallytakeitasthenumbertenratherthanthesymbolofpraying.IfaChineserotateshisringtoshowoffhiswealthbeforehisAmericancommunicator,hemaybeunderstoodasbeingnervouswhiletalking.IfanAmericanuseshishandtodrawcirclearoundhistemple,Chineseunderstanditasthemeaningofthinkinghardinsteadofthemeaningoflookingdown.IfagracefulwomaninChinaleavesherlittlefingerasidewhenhandingacuptoherAmericanguest,theguestthinksthatthewomanisafraidofmakingherhanddirty.IfanAmericanisinvitedtoaChinesefamily,afterthemeal,theAmericanmayhavethehabitofcrossingandmovingthehandnearthenecktoexpressthemeaning“Iamfull”.However,thisgestureinChinameanstokilloneself.2.CommunicationgapBecauseofdifferentculturalbackgrounds,sometimesacertainmeaningisexpressedbydifferentkinesics,whichmaycausecommunicationgap.Inexpressingnumberswithfingers,Chinesetendtousethefingersofonehand.Forexample,Chineseusuallyreachoutthethumband龙源期刊网,ChineseandAmericansarefarmorelikelytocausecommunicativebarriers.Also,uniquekinesicstooneculturecanalsoresultincommunicationgapininterculturalcommunication.Forinstance,ifanAmericantouristputshisorherthumbupbytheroadinChina,nocarwillstop.IfaChinesepinchesthethumbonthelittlefinger,alittlepartofwhichisleftout,hisorherAmericanpartnermaytakeitasnothing.II.CulturalAnalysisoftheDifferencesinChineseandWesternKinesicsMostkinesicsisformedduringtheprocessofgrowingupandcanbetransferredfromonegenerationtoanother.Atthesametime,differentnationshavedifferenthistories,religiousbeliefs,valuesandmodesofthinking.ThedifferencesinChineseandWesternkinesicsaredeterminedbydifferentculturalbackgrounds.1.Collectivismvs.IndividualismToChinese,collectivismismoreimportantthanindividualism.Atanytime,theindividualshouldobeythecollective.Whenthepersonalinterestcontradictswiththecollectiveinterest,theindividualshouldgiveuporsacrificehisinteresttoprotecttheinterestofthegroup.Inthehierarchyofpriority,thegroupisalwayspriortotheindividual.However,inWesternculture,theconceptionrelatedto“I”(self)isgrainedandomnipresent.Therearemanyterms,suchasself-absorption,self-admiration,self-cultivationandself-image,etc,whosemeaningsareself-centeredinEnglish.ThisisespeciallytruewithAmericanswhoemphasizeindividualism.Intheiropinion,everyoneisauniqueindividual,theyshouldhaveindividualfreedomandpersonalinterest.Intraditionalculture,Chineseholdtheattitudeofoppressingpersonaldesireandbeingtoleranttowardsothers’mistake.Confuciustaughtpeopletobetolerantandbroad-minded.Asayinggoesthattocarryforwardtheheaven’sjusticeandtowipeoutthepersonaldesire.Inotherwords,usingthemannersofthesageconstraintsthepersonaldesire.However,inthewest,undertheinfluenceofChristianity,peoplepaymoreattentiontopersonalfeelingandneed.Soinpublic,Chinesearetolerantaboutbeingpushedbyotherpeople.Forexample,onthebus,peoplestandcloselytootherpassengers.Onacrowedbus,youmayevenfeelthebreathofothers.Whenmeetingsomethingfunny,iftheleaderdoesn’tsmile,itisimpolitefortheinferiorstolaughfirst.IntheUSA,whatpeoplecan’ttolerateisbeingintrudedintotheirprivatespace.Evenbetweenparentsandchildren,intrusionisimpoliteandimproper.Beforeenteringchildren’sroom,parentsshouldknockthedoor.SothebehaviorofalmostzerobodycontactseldomhappensintheUSA.龙源期刊网,themodeofthinkingofChineseisspirality.PartofthereasonisthatChinahasbeenundertheimpactofConfucianism,TaoismandBuddhismforalongtime.Thesethreethoughtsemphasizethepowerofunderstanding,whichleadtothatChineseareimplicitandemphasizeeuphemism.Atthesametime,thebehaviorandmodeofthinkingofWesternersaregreatlyundertheimpactofAristotlelogicandrationalthinking.Soincontrast,themodeofthinkingofAmericansislinearity,whichmeansthatAmericansliketoshowandexposethemselvesinpublic.UnlikeChinesewhohavethehabitofguessingwhatothersarethink
本文标题:Brief-Analysis-of-the-Differences-in-Chinese-and-W
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