旋转超声加工

河南理工大学本科毕业设计论文11摘要旋转超声加工中刀具以一定超声频振动的同时还作相对于工件的旋转。刀具通常用低碳钢作为基体，表面涂覆或者烧结一层金刚石磨粒。因此转超声加工是一种结合了传统超声加工去除材料机理和金刚石磨抛作用的一种复合加工方法。与超声加工相比，旋转超声加工能够提供高的多的材料去除率，能加工更深的孔，及得到更高的加工精度，因此也得到了更为广泛的运用。若与数控技术相结合就可以用于进行硬脆材料的的成型加工。实践证明它是一种加工硬脆材料，如陶瓷、玻璃和岩石的有效方法。超声加工装置由超声波发生器，换能器和变幅杆组成。而旋转超声加工装置则需要进一步考虑如何实现旋转。本文在分析原有的超声加工装置的基础上，提出了一种新型的旋转超声加工装置，它可应用与数控机床与铣床上，并可实现主轴头的摆转，可以方便的加工斜面与斜孔。关键词：旋转超声加工，加工装置，主轴摆转河南理工大学本科毕业设计论文22AbstractRotaryultrasonicmachiningsuperimposerotationalmovementonthetoolheadthatvibratessimultaneouslyatultrasonicfreqency.Thetoolismadeofmildsteelcoatedorbondedwithdiamondabrasive.soisahybridmachiningprocesswhichcombinesthematerialremovalmechanismsofconventionalultrasonicmachininganddiamondgrinding.comparedwithultrasonicmachining,itcanprovideamuchhighmaterialremovol,deepholes,andfineprecision,whichleadstoitsfurtherapplication.Andithasbeenprovedtobeapromisingandcost-effectivemachiningmethodorhardandbrittlematerials,suchasengineeringceramic,glass,stone,.Ultrasonicmachiningequipmentconsistsofultrasonicgenerator，transducerandhorn．Rotaryultrasonicmachiningneedtoconsiderhowtorealizetherotateofthedevice.Inthispaper,Ianalysethedevicewhichhavebedesigned,andputforwardanewtvibratingsystemofrotaryultrasonicmachiningequipment.Itcanbeassembledonthenumericalcontrolmachine，verticalmillingmachine.Anditalsocanrealizethewiggleofthedevice,inordertomachineinclinedholeandfaceconveniently.KEYWORDS：rotaryultrasonicmachiningprocessdevicespindleswinging河南理工大学本科毕业设计论文33目录第1章绪论....................................................................................................51.1超声加工的提出及其分类...................................................................51.2超声振动装置及机床的研制进展.......................................................61.3选题的目的、意义及工作任务...........................................................91.3.1选题的目的、意义.....................................................................91.3.2课题主要工作内容及任务.......................................................111.1本章小结.............................................................................................12第2章旋转超声加工装置的总体设计........................................................132.1超声波加工原理及其特性.................................................................132.2旋转超声加工的基本原理.................................................................152.2.1超声振动的捶击作用..............................................................152.2.2金刚石工具的磨抛作用..........................................................162.2.3超声空化作用..........................................................................162.2.4液压冲击和旋转运动促进了碎屑的排出...............................162.3旋转超声振动加工装置的主要组成.................................................172.3.1超声波发生器........................................................................172.3.2超声换能器...............................................................................192.3.3超声变幅杆...............................................................................202.4各组成部分的连接与固定................................................................222.4.1变幅杆和换能器的连接.........................................................222.4.2变幅杆的固定...........................................................................232.4.3超声波发生器与超声振动系统的连接...................................232.5旋转超声振动系统的设计.................................................................232.5.1对已有的超声加工装置进行分析...........................................242.5.2旋转超声加工机构装置结构上的实现方法...........................272.5.3旋转超声加工装置的整体结构的初步设计..........................273.6本章总结.............................................................................................28第3章旋转超声加工装置细节性设计计算................................................293.1已知条件：.........................................................................................293.2超声换能器设计.................................................................................293.2.1压电陶瓷片的设计...................................................................293.2.2前后盖板的选材.......................................................................303.2.3夹心式换能器计算...................................................................313.3变幅杆设计.........................................................................................323.3.1变幅杆的材料........................................................................323.3.2变幅杆参数设计.......................................................................333.3.3连接及定位方式设计...............................................................38河南理工大学本科毕业设计论文443.4内外桶，端盖及密封装置设计.........................................................393.4.1内外筒设计..............................................................................393.4.2端盖及密封装置的设计...........................................................393.4.3法兰盘设计..............................................................................393.5主轴的设计.........................................................................................403.6主轴头摆转功能实现的设计.............................................................41致谢...............................................