Animal-Farm-by-George-Orwell-ppt.

GeorgeOrwellGeorgeOrwell,pennameforEricBlairJune25th,1903,inBengal（孟加拉）,thethenBritishcolonyofIndia,wherehisfather,Richard,workedfortheOpiumDepartmentoftheCivilService.Hismother,Ida,broughthimtoEnglandattheageofone.Orwelldiedattheageof46fromtuberculosis.HewasinterredinAllSaints'Churchyard,SuttonCourtenay,Oxfordshirewiththesimpleepitaph:HereliesEricArthurBlair,bornJune25th1903,diedJanuary21st1950.Hismasterpieces:AnimalFarmisconsideredanallegoryofthecorruptionofthecorruptionofabsolutepower(thecorruptionofthesocialistidealsoftheRussianRevolutionbyStalinism).NineteenEighty-FourisOrwell'spropheticvisionoftheresultsoftotalitarianism.Orwellwasastaunchanti-Stalinistandanti-Communist,butheremainedtotheendamanoftheleftand,inhisownwords,a“democraticsocialist”.ANIMALFARMBYGEORGEORWELLPlotofAnimalFarmManorFarmisasmallfarminEnglandrunbytheharshandoftendrunkMr.Jones.Onenight,aboarnamedOldMajorgathersalltheanimalsofManorFarmtogether.Knowingthathewillsoondie,OldMajorgivesaspeechtotelltheanimalsthatmencauseallthemiserythatanimalsendure.OldMajorsaysthatallanimalsareequalandurgesthemtojointogethertorebel.Heteachesthemarevolutionarysongcalled“BeastsofEngland.”OldMajordiessoonafter,buttwopigsnamedSnowballandNapoleonadapthisideasintothephilosophyofAnimalism.Threemonthslater,theanimalsdefeatJones.Thefarmisrenamed“AnimalFarm.”Theingenuityofthepigs,theimmensestrengthofahorsenamedBoxer,andtheabsenceofparasiticalhumansmakesAnimalFarmprosperous.TheanimalsposttheSevenCommandmentsofAnimalismonthesideofthebarn.Thecommandmentsstatethatallanimalsareequalandnoanimalmayactlikeahumanbysleepinginabed,walkingontwolegs,killingotheranimals,drinkingalcohol,andsoon.AfightforpowersoondevelopsbetweenthetwopigsSnowballandNapoleon.Snowballwinsastheheadduetohisideatobuildawindmill.ButNapoleonsummonsdogshehassecretlyrearedtobehisownviciousservantsandhasthemchaseSnowballfromAnimalFarm.HealsosendsaroundapignamedSquealer,whopersuadestheanimalsthatNapoleonhastheirbestinterestsatheart.ThreeweekslaterNapoleondecidestheyshouldbuildthewindmillafterall.Theanimalssettowork,withBoxerleading.Focusingonthewindmillreducestheproductivityofthefarm,andalltheanimalsbutthepigsgetlesstoeat.Thepigsbegintotradewithotherfarms,moveintoMr.Jones’sfarmhouse,andstarttosleepinbeds.Overthenextfewyears,AnimalFarmbattleswithitshumanneighbors.Thewindmillgetsdestroyedfirstbyastormandthenbyahumanattack.Napoleonblamesallcatastrophesonthe“traitor”Snowball,andusesfeartactics,informationcontrol,anddeadlypurgesofanyoneheconsidersanenemytostrengthenhispoweroverthefarm.Meanwhile,thepigssecretlycontinuetorewritetheCommandmentsandallofAnimalFarm’shistorytosupporttheirlies.Whileeatingmoreandworkinglessthemselves,theygivetheanimalslessfoodanddemandmorework.WhenBoxer,themostdevotedworkeronthefarm,isnolongerabletowork,thepigssellhimtoagluefactoryandusethemoneytobuywhiskey.Yearspass.Nowonlyafewoftheremaininganimalsonthefarmexperiencedtherevolution.Evenfewerrememberitsgoals.Thepigsteachthemselvestowalkontwolegsandbegincarryingwhips.WhentheanimalslookattheSevenCommandments,theyhavebeenreplacedbythestatement:“Allanimalsareequal.Butsomeanimalsaremoreequalthanothers.”Thepigsmakepeacewiththeirhumanneighborsandhaveafeast.Theotheranimalsareshockedtodiscoverthattheycannolongertellthepigsfromthehumans.VocabularyUsedinReferencetoAnimalFarmSatire:Thisnovelisconsideredapoliticalsatire,orworkthatusesridiculetoexposewickednessorstupidity.VocabularyUsedinReferencetoAnimalFarmFable:Thisstoryisalsoconsideredafablebecauseitshowsanimalstalkingandbehavinglikehumans.Itisn’treallyaboutanimals,itisaboutus.Theaudienceisamusedbythestoryandmorelikelytopayattentiontoitsrealpoint.VocabularyUsedinReferencetoAnimalFarmAllegory:Thisstory,aswehavediscussedbefore,isanallegory—itsymbolicallysubstitutestheeventsonthefarmforactualeventsinhistory.Itcausesreaderstomakeadeepcomparisonbetweeneventsinthestoryandtheparalleleventsinhistory.KeyHistoricalFigures,Organizations,AndPlacesTsarNicholasII:ThelastRussiantsar.HewasanineffectiverulerthatwasoverthrownandexecutedalongwithhisfamilybytheBolsheviks.KeyHistoricalFigures,Organizations,AndPlacesJosephStalin:ABolshevikleaderwhobecameprominentonlyafterLenin’sreturn.HesucceededLeninasleaderfollowingLenin’sdeath.KeyHistoricalFigures,Organizations,AndPlacesVladimirLenin:ThefounderoftheBolshevikParty,organizeroftheOctoberRevolution.HewasthefirstleaderoftheSovietUnion.HewasadevoutfollowerofMarxism.KeyHistoricalFigures,Organizations,AndPlacesLeonTrotsky:ABolshevikleaderandoneofthemostprominentfiguresoftherevolution.TrotskywascloselyalignedwithLenin.OverviewoftheRussianRevolutionof1917Russiantsar,NicholasII,isoverthrownCivilwarbrokeoutbetweenrevolutionariesTheBolsheviks—ledbyLeninandTrotsky—comeoutontopAfterLenin’sdeath,StalinandTrotskyfightforpower—StalinwinsBy1929,StalinhadcompletecontrolofthepartyStalinturnsagainsthiscolleagues—hesentencesthemtodeathRussiabecameknownasUSSR,orSovietUnionuntil1991HistoricalFiguresandtheirAllegoricalParallelsRelatingfactor=“isrepresentedas”LeninOld