直流调速系统在电车中的应用

临沂大学2015届本科毕业论文12015届分类号单位代码：10452本科毕业论文直流调速系统在电车中的运用姓名黄建强学号201105820444年级2011专业电气工程及其自动化系（院）汽车学院指导教师陈鹏程2015年月日临沂大学2015届本科毕业论文1I摘要直流调速系统目前已被广泛地应用于自动控制要求比较高的各个生产行业,直流电机调速系统优点响应速度快,超调量小,而且系统稳定性好,并具有很强的抗干扰能力。国内外已经把直流调速系统比较广泛地应用于电力牵引机上，例如地铁、电力机车、城市无轨电车、升降机等等。利用直流斩波器能够比较容易地实现平稳起动，无级调速以及再生制动，电能损耗可大为减少。城市所使用的电车，处在经常性的频繁起动、变速、制动和停车的运行工作状态下。为了提高工作效率，节省电能，可采用斩波器调速，实行再生制动，把部分能量回馈给电网，节约的电能将是非常多的。本文主要研究直流调速系统，直流斩波器的应用，直流调速系统在电车中实现的电路以及系统图，电力机车的发展，速、电流双闭环直流调速系统转，直流调速系统干扰以及防护关键字：直流调速系统；斩波器；GTO；IGBT，转速调节器，电流调节器AbstractDCspeedcontrolsystemhasbeenwidelyusedinautomaticcontrolrequirementsarerelativelyhighineveryindustry,aDCmotorspeedregulatingsystemidealresponsespeed,smallovershoot,goodstabilityofthesystem,andhasstrongantiinterferenceability.AthomeandabroadhaveputtheDCspeedcontrolsystemiswidelyusedinelectrictractionmachine,suchassubway,electriclocomotive,citytrolleybuses,elevatorandsoon.TheutilizationoftheDCchoppercaneasilystartsmoothly,steplessspeedregulatingandregenerativebraking,energylosscanbegreatlyreduced.MotorvehicleusuallyadoptsaseriesexcitationtypeDCmotordrive,thisisbecausetheseriesexcitationtypeDCmotorwithlargestartingtorque,strongoverloadcapacity,themechanicalcharacteristicsofsoft,naturalcharacteristicsofno-loadspeedfaster,heavyslow,andissuitableforthemultimachineparalleloperation.Citybustrolleybusworkingstate,inoperationoftenfrequentstarting,speed,brakingandparkingunderthe.Inordertoimproveworkefficiencyandsavetheelectricenergy,canadoptthechopperspeedcontrol,theimplementationoftheregenerativebraking,thefeedbackpartoftheenergytothegrid,saveelectric-willbeveryconsiderable.Keywords:DCspeedregulatingsystem;chopper;GTO;IGBT;临沂大学2015届本科毕业论文1II目录1绪论................................................................................................................................................................................II第二章直流调速系统及电力机车的发展...................................................................................................................12.1直流调速系统优点与特点................................................................................................................................12.2直流调速系统主要调速方法............................................................................................................................12.3直流斩波器及其原理图...................................................................................................................................22.4直流调速系统调速方案...................................................................................................................................32.5电力机车发展概况...........................................................................................................................................4第三章系统原理图........................................................................................................................................................53.1由晶闸管构成直流斩波调图速系统系统框图................................................................................................53.2回路构成及其工作原理...................................................................................................................................63.3IGBT直流斩波调速系统及其等效电路.........................................................................................................74.1直流、电流双闭环调速系统............................................................................................................................84.2系统启动分析...................................................................................................................................................94.3转速、电流两个调节器作用..........................................................................................................................10第五章系统电路的实现..............................................................................................................................................115.1斩波控制连线图.............................................................................................................................................115.2限幅电路...........................................................................................................................................................115.3速度调节器和电流调节器的实现....................................................................................................................125.4干扰的产生和抑制措施.................................................................................................................................12结论................................................................................................................................................................................13参考文献..........................................................................................................................................................................13谢辞..........................................................................................................................................................................141绪论电力机车和矿厂，土木建筑用电力机车因其容量小活动范围小在线路上无需