UNIT1-NEVER-GIVE-IN-NEVER--NEVER--NEVER

UnitOneNeverGiveinNever,Never,NeverBytheendofthisunit,youaresupposedto•grasptheauthor’spurposeofwritingandmakeclearthestructureofthewholepassage.•comprehendandparaphrasetheusefulorimportantexpressions/sentences.•learnthenewwordsandstructures,andusethemfreelyinconversationandwriting.•LearntheuniquerhetoricmethodsinthespeechLearningObjectivesDoyouknowwhenandhowWorldWarIIbrokeout?Whatelsedoyouknowaboutit?WhendidWWIIend?DuringWorldWarI,whichcountrieswerethemainAllies(协约国）,andwhichthemainAxis（同盟国）?TopicsforPre-readingDiscussionWWIIItwasaglobalmilitaryconflictwhichinvolvedamajorityoftheworld'snations,includingallofthegreatpowers,organizedintotwoopposingmilitaryalliances:theAlliesandtheAxis.Thewarinvolvedthemobilisationofover100millionmilitarypersonnel,makingitthemostwidespreadwarinhistory.Over70millionpeople,themajorityofthemcivilians,werekilled,makingitthedeadliestconflictinhumanhistory.ThestartofthewarisgenerallyheldtobeinSeptember1939withtheGermaninvasionofPolandandsubsequentdeclarationsofwaronNaziGermanybytheUnitedKingdom.TheBlitzwasthesustainedbombingofBritainbyNaziGermanybetween7September1940and10May1941,duringtheSecondWorldWar.TheBlitzhitmanytownsandcitiesacrossthecountry,butitbeganwiththebombingofLondonfor76consecutivenights.WWIIInfluenceTheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStatesemergedfromthewarastheworld'sleadingpowers.ThissetthestagefortheColdWar,whichlastedforthenext45years.Germanysuffersalotduringandafterthewar.TheUnitedNationswasformedinthehopeofpreventinganothersuchconflict.Theself-determinationspawnedbythewaraccelerateddecolonisationmovementsinAsiaandAfrica,whileWesternEuropeitselfbeganmovingtowardintegration.Chamberlain--AppeasementwasaBritishPMfromMay1937toMay1940.Chamberlainisbestknownforhisappeasementforeignpolicy,andinparticularforhissigningoftheMunichAgreementin1938,concedingtheSudetenlandregionofCzechoslovakiatoNaziGermany.RelationswiththeSovietUnionWhenHitlerinvadedtheSovietUnion,WinstonChurchill,avehementanti-Communist,famouslystated:IfHitlerweretoinvadeHell,IshouldfindoccasiontomakeafavorablereferencetotheDevil,regardinghispolicytowardStalin.Soon,BritishsuppliesandtankswereflowingtohelptheSovietUnionTopicsforPre-readingDiscussionWhat’sWinstonChurchill’stypicalimage?WhatdoyouknowofWinstonChurchill?WinstonChurchill(1874-1965)acombinationofsoldier,writer,artist,andstatesman,renownedforhiscourage,imagination,oratoryandintellect.InworldwarIIheservedasPrimeMinisterofUKfrom1940to1945andplayedaleadingroleintheresistanceagainstGermandominationofEurope.AbouttheAuthorSirWinstonLeonardSpencer-Churchill(30November1874—24January1965)wasaBritishpoliticianandstatesmanknownforhisleadershipoftheUnitedKingdomduringtheSecondWorldWar(WWII)andhissuccessinleadinghiscountryfromthebrinkofdefeattovictory.HeservedasPrimeMinistertwice(1940—1945and1951—1955)andiswidelyregardedasoneofthegreatwartimeleaders.Heisanotedstatesmanandorator,historian,writer,andanartist.Todate,heistheonlyBritishprimeministertohavereceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,andthefirstpersontohavebeenrecognizedasanhonorarycitizenoftheUnitedStates.WinstonChurchillwasborntoanaristocraticfamily,withrenownedancestorsandapoliticianfather.Asaprolificwriter,hewroteanovel,twobiographies,threevolumesofmemoirs,andseveralhistoriesinadditiontohismanynewspaperarticles.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1953“forhismasteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescriptionaswellasforbrilliantoratoryindefendingexaltedhumanvalues”.•Inventorof“V“Churchill’sParrotAgrandgrand…birdApieceofnewsaboutChurchillCairoConference•ThemeetingwasattendedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltoftheUnitedStates,PrimeMinisterWinstonChurchilloftheUnitedKingdom,andGeneralissimoChiangKai-shekoftheRepublicofChina.ThistextisaspeechmadebyChurchillwhenhevisitedHarrowSchoolonOct.29,1941.InhisspeechheanalyzedtheworldsituationandhowothercountrieslookedatBritainandthencalledontheBritishpeoplenottogivein.Heexpressedhisconvictionthatthisnationwasdeterminedtofightforthevictoryofthisgreatwar.AboutthetextWhile-readingquestionsFinishreadingthetextwithin10minutesandanswerthefollowingquestions1.WhatdidChurchillintendtodobymakingthisspeech?2.Howdidheorganizethespeechsoastoachievehispurpose?3.Whatdoyouthinkisthemoststrikingfeatureintheuseoflanguage?4.Whatotherrhetoricalfeaturesdoyouseeinthespeechwhichlendforceandappealtoit?5.Whatistheprevailingtoneofthespeech?Part1(Paragraph1):Someopeningremarks,inwhichChurchillsummarizedtheeventsthathadhappenedsincehislastvisittoHarrow.Part2(Paragraphs2—5):Thebodyofthespeech,inwhichChurchilldrewthelessonstobelearnedfromthepastyear.Part3(Paragraphs6—8):Theconcludingpart,inwhich,bychangingawordintheadditionalverseoftheschoolsong,Churchillexpressedhisconvictionthattheentirenationwasblessedwiththechancetodisplayitscouragetothefullinwhatwas,asheelsewhereputit,itsfinesthour.OpeningRemarks:Paragraph1NeverGivein,Never,Never,NeverWinstonChurchillAlmostayearhaspassedsinceIcamedownhereatyourHeadMaster’skindinvitationinordertocheermyselfandcheertheheartsofafewofmyfriendsbysingings