有机命名规则词缀及英文用词(表格版)

含碳原子数烷烃Alkane(-ane)烷基Alkyl(-yl)烯烃Alkene(-ene)1甲烷Methane甲基Methyl炔烃Alkyne(-yne/-ine)2乙烷Ethane乙基Ethyl烃基Hydrocarbyl(-yl)3丙烷Propane丙基Propyl4丁烷Butane丁基Butyl5戊烷Pentane戊基Pentyl6己烷Hexane己基Hexyl7庚烷Heptane庚基Heptyl8辛烷Octane辛基Octyl9壬烷Nonane壬基Nonyl10癸烷Decane癸基Decyl11十一烷Undecane十一烷基Undecyl12十二烷Dodecane十二烷基Dodecyl13十三烷Tridecane十三烷基Tridecyl14十四烷Tetradecane十四烷基Tetradecyl15十五烷Pentadecane十五烷基Pentadecyl16十六烷Hexadecane十六烷基Hexadecyl17十七烷Heptadecane十七烷基Heptadecyl18十八烷Octadecane十八烷基Octadecyl19十九烷Nonadecane十九烷基Nonadecyl20二十烷Eicosane(icosane)二十烷基Eicosyl(icosyl)21二十一烷Heneicosane二十一烷基Heneicosyl22二十二烷Docosane二十二烷基Docosyl23二十三烷Tricosane二十三烷基Tricosyl24二十四烷Tetracosane二十四烷基Tetracosyl25二十五烷Pentacosane二十五烷基Pentacosyl26二十六烷Hexacosane二十六烷基Hexacosyl27二十七烷Heptacosane二十七烷基Heptacosyl28二十八烷Octacosane二十八烷基Octacosyl29二十九烷Nonacosane二十九烷基Nonacosyl30三十烷Triacontane三十烷基Triacontyl40四十烷Tetracontane四十烷基Tetracontyl50五十烷Pentacontane五十烷基Pentacontyl60六十烷Hexacotane六十烷基Hexacotyl70七十烷Heptacontane七十烷基Heptacontyl80八十烷Octacontane八十烷基Octacontyl90九十烷Nonacontane九十烷基Nonacontyl单稀二烯三稀单炔二炔三炔规则举例烯烃命名规则：炔烃命名规则：脂环烃（alicyclichydrocarbons)命名同时含有双键和三键时，用-enyne结尾数字词头+-yne(-ine),以a结尾的词头去a加-yne数字词头+-diyne数字词头+-triyne烃类名称前+cyclo-环己烷cyclohexane;环己二烯cyclohexadiene;环辛四烯cyclooctatetraene烃烷烃命名规则：数字词头+-ane,以a结尾的词头直接加-ne数字词头+-ene,以a结尾的词头去a加-ene数字词头+-diene数字词头+-triene甲一乙二丙三丁四戊五己六庚七辛八壬九癸十叔tertiary(tert-)常见官能团ImportantFuntionalGroups对p-(para-)伯primary仲secondary(sec-)反trans-邻o-(ortho-)间m-(meta-)异iso-新neo-顺cis-nona-nona-deca-deca-表示取代基相对位置词缀正(normal)n-hexa-hexa-hepta-hepta-octa-octa-prop-tri(a)-buta-tetra-penta-penta-总碳数小于等于10总碳数大于10meth-hen(i)-eth-do-数字词缀