连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料概述_何新波

第20卷　第2期Vol.20　No.2　　　　　　MaterialsScience&Engineering总第78期June2002:1004-793X(2002)02-0273-06:2001-06-03;:2002-03-25:(1971—),,。.1,1,2,2(1.,　310027;2.,　410073)　　【　】　,,,。、、。、、。【】　;;:TB332　　　　:AReviewofContinuousFiberReinforcedCeramicMatrixCompositesHEXin-bo1,YANGHui1,ZHANGChang-rui2,ZHOUXin-gui2(1.DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou　310027,China;2.KeyLaboratoryofAdvancedCeramicFibersandComposites,NationalUniversityofDefenseTechnology,Changsha　410073,China)【Abstract】　Inthepasttwodecades,Intensiveinteresthasbeengiventothedevelopmentofcontinuousfiberreinforcedceramicma-trixcomposites(CMCs),whichismainlyduetotheirexcellentpropertiesespeciallyfracturetoughness,andgreatachievementsareob-tained.Inthispaper,researchstatusofCMCsisreviewedwithrespecttotougheningmechanism,fabricationprocesses,interfacialcharac-teristics,interfacemodificationandapplications.【Keywords】　continuousfibers;ceramicmatrixcomposites;review1　引　言70,J.Aveston[1]()(FRPMCs)(FRMMCs),(FRCMCs),。1973,S.R.LevittLAS,。80,K.M.PrewoSiC,、,。80,E.Fitzer[2]P.J.Lamicq[3](chemicalvapordepositionCVD)FRCMCs,NicalonSiC,FRCMCs。,、FRCMCs,,。“Cerasep”“Rafale”“M-88”“hermes”[4];SiO2SiO2“”“”。,SiO2Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2“”。FRCMCs,[5],,、,[6,7],,、。FRCMCs,。DOI:10.14136/j.cnki.issn1673-2812.2002.02.0342　纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的增韧机制[8～10]　　、、、。1a-,。1　(a)(b)-Fig.1　Schematicillustrationofstress-straincurvesforfiber-reinforcedceramiccomposites(a)andmonolithicceramics(b):OA。,,。A,,,-。Aσcm,:σcm=1.82×[(KmIC)2τcEfV2fVm(1+EfVf/EmVm)2/EmR]1/3(1):KmIC,EmEf,VfVm,τc,R。AB。,。B,,,B。(1b),,,,。BC。、。2。,,、、、。,,,2　Fig.2　Schematicdiagramoffractureprocessoffiber-reinforcedceramiccomposites,。3　纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的主要种类　　,,。:()。,1400℃,FRCMCs:、;,(),FRCMCs,。。:(CVD)。,,(100μm),FRCMCs,,。。,NicalonTyranno。,,。,(Hi-Nicalon),1500～1600℃。。Si、N、CO,。,,。。,,,·274·　　　　20026。,,2000℃,。,。,360℃,(),FRCMCs。,BN、TiC、B4C。FRCMCs,:。,(Nicalon),,,,。,:CAS()、LAS()、MAS()、BS()。,,。。,FRCMCs。,[11]、ZrO2-TiO2[12]、ZrO2-Al2O3[13]FRCMCs。,,NicalonHi-Nicalon,,,,,,。,,FRCMCs。。,、、,,,FRC-MCs。FRCMCs,SiCFRCMCs。(CVI)Nicalon,600MPa,27.7MPa·m1/2[14];557MPa,21MPa·m1/2[15]。Si3N4、BN。,。4　纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法　　:(1)—[16,17](1300℃),FRCMCs。:,,、、。、、。,,()。。,,。(2)[18—20](CVD)、(CVI)、(RB)(DMO)。CVIFRCMCs。CVICVD,FRCMCs,,,,。:(1),;(2),,(nearnetshape)FRCMCs;(3),、、FRCMCs,。:(1),;(2);(3)(15～20%),。(3)()[21,22]。,,。,:(1),;(2),;(3),。,,。:(1),;(2),。(4)-[23,24],FRCMCs。-,,,。(1400℃),。:(1)·275·202,.　,,;(2),。(5)[25～27](PIP),FRCMCs。-,。-,,。:(1),,CVI;(2),;(3)(1300℃),,;(4),,;(5)C/C,FRCMCs。:(1),;(2),(50～70%)。,,,。5　纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的界面特性　　,,[28]:(1)。,,,;(2)。,,,。,()、()。,,,。[10,29],(Δα=αm-αf)。。,、,,,,,、。,。,,。,:(1),。。,,,,;(2)。,,,;(3)。,,;(4)。。,,。6　纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的界面改性　　,,,:(1);(2);(3)。(800～2000℃),,、、。,(),,(),。,,,,。,。,,。,[30]:(1)。,,,;(2)。,·276·　　　　20026,;(3)。(CTE),,;(4)。(),,,,。:(1)[31]。、,;(2),[32];(3)(duplexfiber)[33]。,。TextronSCS-2SCS-6。,,。,;(4)[34]。,。A.Hojima[35]B4CCf/SiCCf/siC,Si,B4C,。,,[36]。,[37～39]:(CVD)、(CVI)、、-(Sol-Gel),,、、。7　纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的应用研究　　1。,Cf/SiCSiCf/SiC,[46～48]、[49]。,SiCf/SiCCf/SiCMirage2000M53RafaleM88。,Cf/SiC[50]:(1)。,,,,,。3Cf/SiC;(2)。、,。4Cf/SiC;(3)。Cf/SiC,,Cf/SiC,,。5Cf/SiC。1　Cf/SiCSiCf/SiCTable1　MechanicalpropertiesoftypicalCf/SiCandSiCf/SiCcompositesCompositesFlexuralstrength/MPaFracturetoughness/MPa·m1/2ProcessingCf/SiC557(1D)21HP[15]Cf/SiC520(3D)16.5CVI[40]Cf/SiC521(3D)16.8CVI[41]Cf/SiC967(1D)/PIP[26]Cf/SiC570(3D)18.3PIP[42]Cf/SiC726(1D)23.5PP+HP[39]Tyranno/SiC510(3D)16.4PIP[43]Tyranno/SiC420(3D)11.5PIP[44]Hi-Nicalon/SiC704(1D)23.1PIP[39]Hi-Nicalon/SiC490(1D)11HP[45]Nicalon/SiC609(0/90)27.7CVI[14]3　Cf/SiCFig.3　Bi-directionallycurvedandtrapezoidalshapedLPI-Cf/SiCPanal8　结束语,,,、、、。,,,·277·202,.　4　Cf/SiCFig.4　WingleadingedgeCf/SiCdemonstrater5　Cf/SiCFig.5　Cf/SiCexhaustnozzleforDo288aircraft。,,,,,、。,,,。[1]　J.Aveston.InPropertiesofFiberComposite[C].NationalPhysi-calLaboratoryConferenceProceeding,IPCScienceandTechnologyPress,Guiodford,England,1971,P63.[2]　E.Fitzer,R.Gadowam.[J].AmCeram.Soc.Bull.,1986,65[2]:326.[3]　P.J.Lamicq,etal.[J].Am.Ceram.Soc.Bull.,1986,65[2]:336.[4]　,.[M].:,1994,P354.[5]　M.Takeda,Y.Kagawa,S.Mitsuno,Y.Imai,H.Ichikawa.[J].J.AmCeram.Soc.,1999,82[6]:1597.[6]　R.Carter,S.Case,K.Reifsnider,K.Probst,T.Besmann[J].Ceram.Eng.Sci.Proc.,2000,21[3]:575.[7]　T.Campbell,J.Ting,P.Avitabile,J.Min.[J].Ceram.Eng.Sci.Proc.,2000,21[3]:517.[8]　.[M].:,1993,P575.[9]　G..[M].,,:,1984,P110.[10]　.[M].:,1999,P166.[11]　R.S.Hay,etal.[J].Ceram.Eng.Sci.Proc.,1993,14[9-10]:923.[12]　B.A.Bender,etal.[J].Ceram.Eng.Sci.Proc.,1993,14[9-10]:736.[13]　J.Wenderff,etal.[J].Ceram.Eng.Sci.Proc.,1993,14[9-10]:364.[14]　W.S.Steffier.[J].Ceram.Eng.Sci.Proc.,1993;14[9-10]:1045.[15]　H.Yoshida,N.Miyata,J.Makoshima.[J].Ceram.Eng.Sci.Proc.,1993,14[9-10]:1133.[16]　R.A.Sambill.[J].J.Mater.Sci.,1992[27]:672.[17]　K.M.Prewo.[P].U.S.Pat.No:4399231m1983.[18]　R.R.Naslain.[J].Key.Eng.Mater.,1999[164-165]:3.[19]　W.Kowbel,C.Bruce,J.C.Withers.[J].Inter.SAMPESymp.Exh.(Proc.),1998,43[2]:1859.[20]　K.Suzuki,K.Nakano,T.Ishikawa,Y.Kanno,T.W.Chou.[J].Ceram.Eng.Sci.Proc.,2000,21[3]:493.[21]　J.A.Cornicetal.[J].Am.Ceram.Soc.Bull.,1986,65[2]:293.[22]　W.B