定语从句精讲练

什么是定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。其作用是修饰主句中的某一名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。e.g.Doyouknowthemanwhocameherethismorning?名词定语从句先行词=e.g.Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou.这里有人要和你说话。代词=定语从句放在先行词之后，先行词由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系代词或副词放在它们中间。关系代词：who,whom,that,which,whose关系副词：when,where,whye.g.Heisamanwhomweshouldalllearnfrom.他是一个我们都应当学习的人。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcamehere.我仍然记得我第一次到这儿的那天。定语从句的翻译。要点关系代词、关系副词取代先行词的内容，在从句中必须充当一个成分。它在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。关系代词包括who，whom，whose，which，that；人人人/物物人/物主/宾宾定主/宾主/宾关系副词包括when，where，why。时间地点原因状语状语状语关系代词、关系副词1.定语从句修饰人，用关系代词who/that，(who和that一般可互换，在从句中充当主语时，who和that不能省略；在从句中充当宾语时，whom，who和that可以省略)，如人后有介词，则必须用whom。e.g.Thepeople(who/that/whom)youweretalkingtowereJapanese.Isshethegirlthat/whosellsflowers?Heisaman(that/who/whom)youcansafelydependon.Heisamanonwhomyoucansafelydepend.由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句:who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose在从句中作定语。e.g.Thisisthethiefwhostolemybike.这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。Heistheboywhomyouwantedtofind.他就是你想要找的那个男孩。Thegirlwhosemotherisadoctoriswaitingforyououtside.妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。2.定语从句修饰物用关系代词which/that，(which和that一般可互换，在从句中充当主语时，which和that不能省略；在从句中充当宾语时，which和that可以省略)，如物后有介词，则必须用which。e.g.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforXi’an.Thepen(that/which)yougavemeisverynice.Thisisthequestion(that/which)we’vehadsomuchdiscussionabout.Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.3.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语。e.g.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.4.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语。e.g.ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.5.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语。e.g.Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.1.Isthismuseum_____youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2.Isthisthemuseum_____theexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone纠错3.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.4.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecity.DAthat/which(that/which)关系代词which,that都可以指物，但下列情况下只能用that1.先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。e.g.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.2.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。e.g.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。e.g.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.关系代词which,that都可以指物，但下列情况下只能用that4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。e.g.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.5.先行词中既有人又有物时e.g.Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedinschool.6.主句是以who,what,which开头的句子e.g.WhoisthegirlthatistalkingtoDavid?1.All_____glittersisnotgold.2.Irealizethatthereisverylittle_____Icanofferhim.4.Theonlything_____mattersistofindourwayhome.3.Thisistheverygoodfilm_____Ihaveseen.5.Lookatthemanandhisdonkey_____arecrossingthebridge.6.Whoisthestudent_____youoftensay?thatthatthatthatthatthat不用that的情况1.引导非限定性定语从句时。e.g.Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.改正：that改为which.2.介词后不能用。e.g.Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我们依赖土地获得食物。Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词和关系词常用逗号隔开，且不能用that引导。e.g.Shehadeightchildren,threeofwhomlivedtogrowup.Smoking,whichisabadhabit,isverypopular.Exercise:用关系代词填空1.Theboy_________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.2.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.3.Ihatepeople_________talkmuchbutdolittle.4.Thecar__________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.Theman_____hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent______fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein_____wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings____youtalkedaboutjustnow.9.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedaboutsomething____theycouldn’tremember.whosewhosewhichthatthat12.Sayall____youknow.13.Isthereanything____Icandoforyou?thatthat10.Thisisthefirstplay____IhaveseensinceIcamehere.11.Thisisthebestnovel____Ihaveread.thatthat14.Whoisthegirl____isstandingunderthetree?15.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday?thatthat1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof___youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.those2.Isthisthefactory___youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone3.Isthisfactory___someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone4.Isthisthefactory___heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces___couldn’tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat6.I’lltellyou___hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.whichBADAAC7.Thetwothings___theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich8.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch___washeldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./9.Hefailedintheexamination,___madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what10.Maythefourthistheday___weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich11.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.whichBcAAc翻译下列各句:1.Hereisthepen________________________(你昨天丢失的).2.Theman__________________________(上周给我们做报告的)isafamousscientist.3.Thisisthebeststory___________________(我听到过的).4.Theteacher_______________________(教我们历史的)isnamedYingLi.which/thatyoulostyesterdaywho/thatgaveusatalklastweekthatIhaveeverheardofwho/tha