Nobel-Prize-in-Literature

Qualification:inthefieldofliteraturethemostoutstandingworkinanidealdirectionListofAmericanLaureates1.HarrySinclairLewis辛克莱·刘易斯（In1903）2.EugeneGladstoneO'Neill尤金·奥尼尔(In1936)3.PearlSydenstrickerBuck赛珍珠(In1938)4.WilliamCuthbertFaulkner威廉·福克纳（In1949）5.ErnestMillerHemingway厄内斯特·海明威（In1954）6.JohnErnstSteinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克（In1962）7.IsaacBashevisSinger艾萨克·辛格（In1978）8.JosephBrodsky约瑟夫·布罗茨基(In1987)9.ToniMorrison托尼·莫里森（In1993）1.HarrySinclairLewis辛克莱·刘易斯(February7,1885–January10,1951)AnAmericannovelist,short-storywriter,andplaywright.▀Lewis'searliestpublishedcreativeworks—romanticpoetryandshortsketches;▀Firstseriousnovel,OurMr.Wrenn:TheRomanticAdventuresofaGentleMan,《我们的雷恩先生》appearedin1914;▀In1920,MainStreet,大街,gainedhisfirstgreatsuccess,madehimarichman;▀In1922,LewisfollowedupthisfirstgreatsuccesswithBabbitt巴比特,ThisnovelwonhimtheNobelprizein1930;▀In1925,Arrowsmith阿罗史密斯.ItwasawardedthePulitzerPrize；▀In1930,hebecamethefirstwriterfromtheUnitedStatestobeawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,forhisvigorousandgraphicartofdescriptionandhisabilitytocreate,withwitandhumor,newtypesofcharacters.（“由于他充沛有力、切身和动人的叙述艺术，和他以机智幽默去开创新风格的才华”）SpecialattentionwaspaidtoBabbitt巴比特，anovelthatsatirizedtheAmericancommercialcultureandboosterism热心拥护，支持.HisworksareknownfortheirinsightfulandcriticalviewsofAmericansocietyandcapitalistvalues,aswellasfortheirstrongcharacterizationsofmodernworkingwomen2.EugeneGladstoneO'Neill尤金·奥尼尔(October16,1888–November27,1953)IrishAmericanplaywright▀In1918,O'Neill'spublishedhisfirstplay,BeyondtheHorizon,天边外andwasawardedthePulizerPrizefordramain1920.In1936hereceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiteratureforthisplay。▀Hisbest-knownplaysinclude:1.AnnaChristie安娜克里斯蒂1920(PulitzerPrize1922),2.StrangeInterlude奇异的插曲(PulitzerPrize1928),3.MourningBecomesElectra悲悼(1931),hiswell-knowncomedy,4.Ah,Wilderness!啊，荒野！，awistfulre-imaginingofhisyouthashewishedithadbeen.5.DesireUndertheElms榆树下之恋(1924),6.LongDay'sJourneyIntoNight进入黑夜的漫长旅程1941(PulitzerPrize1957)▀HispoeticallytitledplayswereamongthefirsttointroduceintoAmericandramatechniquesofrealismearlierassociatedwithRussianplaywrightAntonChekhov,NorwegianplaywrightHenrikIbsen,andSwedishplaywrightAugustStrindberg.▀HisplayswereamongthefirsttoincludespeechesinAmericanvernacularandinvolvecharactersonthefringesofsociety,wheretheystruggletomaintaintheirhopesandaspirations,butultimatelyslideintodisillusionmentanddespair.▀In1936hereceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiteratureforhiswell-knownplay,BeyondtheHorizon,天边外▀Value:thestrongpower,enthusiasmanddeepfeelingsinhisplays--theyfullycomplywiththeoriginalconceptoftragedy.(“由于他剧作中所表现的力量、热忱与深挚的感情——它们完全符合悲剧的原始概念”)3.PearlSydenstrickerBuck(June26,1892–March6,1973)Americanwriter▀EastWind:WestWind东风·西风1930▀TheHouseofEarth大地三部曲1.TheGoodEarth(1931)大地2.Sons(1933)儿子们3.AHouseDivided(1935)分家▀AllMenAreBrothers四海之内皆兄弟(1933)AtranslationoftheChineseclassicalproseepicWaterMargin水浒传▀MySeveralWorlds:APersonalRecord.(NewYork:JohnDay,1954).我的几个世界▀ABridgeForPassing(NewYork:JohnDay,1962)桥AsanAmericanwriterwhospentmostofherlifeuntil1934inChina(almost40years),PearlwasalsocalledanoldChinahandbypeople.ShewrotewidelyonAsiancultures,becomingparticularlywellknownforhereffortsonbehalfofAsianandmixedraceadoption.HernovelTheGoodEarth大地wasthebest-sellingfictionbookintheU.S.in1931and1932,andwonthePulitzerPrizein1932.In1938,shewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,forherrichandtrulyepicdescriptionsofpeasantlifeinChinaandforherbiographicalmasterpieces.获奖理由：她对于中国农民生活的丰富和真正史诗气概的描述，以及她自传性的杰作。4.WilliamCuthbertFaulkner威廉·福克纳(September25,1897–July6,1962)AmericanwriterFaulknerworkedinavarietyofmedia;hewrotenovels,shortstories,aplay,poetry,essaysandscreenplaysduringhiscareer.▀TheSoundAndtheFury喧哗与躁动(1929)▀AsILayDying我弥留之际(1930),wonthe1949NobelPrizeinLiterature▀LightinAugust八月之光(1932).▀Absalom,Absalom!押沙龙，押沙龙(1936)▀AFable寓言(1954)（PulitzerPrize1955）▀TheReivers掠夺者(1962),（PulitzerPrize1963）FaulknerwasoneofthemostimportantwritersinSouthernliteratureintheUnitedStates,alongwithMarkTwain,RobertPennWarren,FlanneryO'Connor,TrumanCapote,EudoraWelty,ThomasWolfe,HarperLeeandTennesseeWilliams.Faulknerwasrelativelyunknownuntilreceivingthe1949NobelPrizeinLiterature.In1998,theModernLibraryrankedhis1929novelTheSoundandtheFury喧哗与躁动sixthonitslistofthe100bestEnglish-languagenovelsofthe20thcentury;alsoonthelistwereAsILayDying我弥留之际(1930)andLightinAugust八月之光(1932).Faulknerwonthe1949NobelPrizeinLiterature.SpecialattentionwaspaidtoAsILayDying我弥留之际(1930)Value:forhispowerfulandartisticallyuniquecontributiontothemodernAmericannovel.因为他对当代美国小说做出了强有力的和艺术上无与伦比的贡献•In1954,theNobelPrizeinLiteraturewasawardedtoErnestHemingway•forhismasteryoftheartofnarrative,mostrecentlydemonstratedinTheOldManandtheSea,andfortheinfluencethathehasexertedoncontemporarystyle.ErnestMillerHemingway欧内斯特·海明威（1899～1961)BornJuly21,1899OakPark,Illinois,U.S.DiedJuly2,1961(aged61)Ketchum,Idaho,U.S.NationalityAmericaNotableaward(s)PulitzerPrizeforFiction(1953)NobelPrizeinLiterature(1954)Majorworks1926年《太阳照常升起》（TheSunalsoRises）1929年《永别了，武器》（AFarewelltoArms）1940年《丧钟为谁而鸣》(ForWhomtheBellTolls)1952年《