M1U3--3--非限制性定语从句

GrammarTheRestrictiveandNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClausea)Shehastwobrotherswhoareworkinginthecity.她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。(Shehasmorethantwobrothers.)b)Shehastwobrothers,whoareworkinginthecity.她有两个弟弟,他们在这个城市工作。(Shehasonlytwobrothers.)品味一“翻”下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差,意义大相径庭。a)Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。b)Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.他不穿衣服,这会使他显得与众不同。非限制性定语从句构成：+,+关系词先行词Shehastwobrothers,(whoareworkinginthecity).+其他部分非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系指人指物在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichwhose√√主语主语宾语定语√√√宾语指代整个主句关系副词(where,when)的指代关系指地点指时间在定语从句中的作用WhereWhen√√时间状语地点状语that,why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。tip介词+which限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。如:Torontoisacity(that)I'vealwayswantedtovisit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。2.非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中,关系词不可省略。如：a)Rome,whichisthecapitalofItaly,hasaverylonghistory.意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.昨天我遇见金教授,他从伦敦大学来的。3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而有时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。eg.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫,这事令我十分恐惧。eg.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语,令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。1.Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.(意含:她还有其他哥哥)比较下列句子:2.Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她哥哥是当兵的,他总是鼓励她上大学。(意含:她只有一个哥哥)当我们做非限制性定语从句的练习时,1.确定先行词,2.分析先行词在从句中的作用,3.对关系词加以选择。整理一番品读规律Tomfoundtheancientbook,whichwasbroken.Asissaidinthenewspaper,twofarmerssawtheUFOinthefield.Ilikethehouse,whosewindowsfacethesea.先行词指物,在从句中做主或宾语,用关系词which,不能用thatAs引导的非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前，也可放在主句后面。先行词在从句做定语,用关系词whoseAllthatglittersisnotgold,aseveryoneknows.介词+关系代词,介词的选用,要根据从句的谓语动词的构成。PeoplewillrememberAugust8th,2008,when29thOlympicGameswasheldinBeijing.先行词在从句中做时间状语,用when或介词+which。Cindyisalovelygirl,withwhommanypeopleliketomakefriends.As在引导非限制性定语从句中，可指代整个主句内容，并有“正如、像……一样”的含义，其位置可放在主句前面，也可放在后面。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，且无“正如”之意。Asweallknow,heisafamousscientist.Asiswellknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.常与as连用的词有know,see,expect,pointout等。试比较下面两个句子。Hewentabroad,__________wasexpected.Hewentabroad,__________wasunexpected.aswhich当从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which引导。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标志从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人who(that)whom指物which(that)人和物的whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）指物which人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子competition1.Hangzhouisabeautifulcity,_____________peoplevisitthefamousWestLake.2.Beijing,_________isthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Theyoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,________isapopstar.ExerciseswhichAswhowhere/inwhich5.Ishouldthankmyteacher,with______help,Isolvedtheproblem.6.HeonceworkedontheBird’sNest,___________hissonisproud.whoseofwhich1.Shewasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,_____madetheothersunhappy.A.whichB.whoC.thisD.what2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.whereAD练一练3.Thegentleman______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom4.Pleasetakeanyseat____isfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.thatBD5.Theoldmanhastwosons,_______isasoldier.A.oneofwhomB.bothofthemC.allofwhomD.noneofthem6.NewYorkisfamousforitssky-scrapers(摩天大楼),_____hasmorethan100storeys.A.thehigherofthemB.thehighestofwhichC.thehighestofthemD.someofwhichAB7.Theboy______compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which8.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itBB9.Idon'tliketheway_____youspeaktoher.A./B.thatC.inwhichD.AllA,B,andC10._____isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30year’stime.A.WhatB.ThatC.AsD.ItDC猜猜看,下面的句子明白了吗?1.万事开头难。It’sthefirststepthatcosts.2.自满的人腹中空。Hewhoisfullofhimselfisveryempty.3.闪光的未必都是金子。Notallthatglittersisgold.Homework1.复习知识点，并背诵2.抄写第三单元的单词，一遍中文，四遍英文3.预习反义疑问