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过去分词讲解---马老师一、分词的定义动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。二、过去分词的句法功能:过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。1)过去分词作表语:主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.她很喜欢那礼服的式样。2)过去分词做定语:单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。如:Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.激动的人们奔进了大楼。Weneedmorequalifiedteachers.我们需要更多合格的教师。过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。如:Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如:Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。〓which/thathadbeenmadebytheforeignexpert〓Whichwasattendedbyonethousandstedents3)过去分词做状语:过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如:Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。AcceptedbytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业。〓Whenitwasseenfromthetopofthehill〓WhenhewasacceptedbytheParty②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:Deeplymovedbythestory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。③表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。如:Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。Comparedwithyourbrother,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.和你哥哥相比,你应该更加努力学习英语。〓Becausetheywerealldeeplymovedbythestory〓Ifheisgivenanotherchance〓Ifyouarecomparedwithyourbrother④表让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如:Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。⑤表方式或伴随情况。如:Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。〓Thoughhewaslaughedatbymanypeople〓whilehewassupportedbyhiswife〓Whilewewereseatedatthetable4)过去分词作补足语:过去分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语,用作宾语补语。如:Whenwillyougotothehospitalandhaveyourtoothexamined?你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿?Whenyouaremakingaspeech,youshouldspeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.当你在作报告时,你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。当这类句子变成被动语态时,过去分词用作主语补语。如:Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.有人发现其中一个杯子破了。Theyshouldbekeptinformedofthesituationthere.应该让他们知道那儿的形势。用过去分词作状语来改写句子。1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.→_______________________,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Worriedaboutthejourney2).Ifheisgiventime,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.→_________,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.3)AsIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.→______________________________,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.GiventimeConfusedbythenewsurroundings4)Whenhewasquestionedbythepoliceaboutthefire,hebecametense.→________________________________,hebecametense.QuestionedbythepoliceaboutthefireDifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple_____foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧.______thebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用.________ather,hejumpedwithjoy._______atbyher,hejumpedwithjoy.UsedUsingLookingLooked【注】动词have后所接的三种宾语补语:havesomebody/somethingdosomething不定式作补语必须省去to,不定式动作由宾语发出,表示一次性的动作。如:Ihadtheworkersdothejobforme.我让工人们替我完成了工作。Jimoftenhashisfatherhelphimwithhishomework.吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。havesomebody/somethingdoingsomething-ing分词作补语,分词动作也由宾语发出,强调动作的延续或正在进行。如:Theyhadthetractorworkingallthetime.他们让拖拉机一直工作着。Wewon’thavethechildtalkingtohismotherlikethat.我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。havesomebody/somethingdone过去分词作补语,宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系,通常有两种情况:①主语让别人做某事,强调主语的意志。如:Hehadhishaircutyesterday.他昨天理发了。Lateronthecenterhadagreatmanynewtreesplanted.后来,这个中心让人种了很多树。②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境,说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如:Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchlastmonth.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。Hehadoneeyelostinthewar.在战争中他失去了一只眼睛。三、其他1.非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式:thebridgetobebuilt将要建造的桥(表示将来的动作)thebridgebeingbuilt正在建造的桥(表示正在进行的动作)thebridgebuilt造好的桥(表示完成的动作2.过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别:过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征,如:Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.听到那个消息,我们感到很惊讶Thenewsisverysurprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremovedtotears.看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。英语中这样的分词还有很多,如:amusing,amused;encouraging,encouraged;disappointing,disappointed;exciting,excited;puzzling,puzzled;satisfying,satisfied;worrying,worried;tiring,tired;pleasing,pleased;interesting,interested;astonishing,astonished等。1.TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying考点点拨简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰TheOlympicGames的后置分词短语;再根据TheOlympicGames对于动词play来说只能是被动承受,且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此,该题应选C。2.What’sthelanguage___inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak简析:该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichisspoken。3.Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whowereinvited。4.Thecomputercentre,___lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。5.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句whichwerewritte
本文标题:过去分词讲解
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