高一英语必修1--4-各单元语法点

高中英语必修一考点一：直接引语&间接引语（unit1&unit2）引语的概念（以课文88页为主，本文重在方法提炼与巩固）直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语直接引语通常都用引号括起来用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫间接引语间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个_宾语从句DirectSpeechShesaid,“Ilikesinging.”Shesaid,“Iamwaitingforabus.”IndirectSpeechShesaidshelikedsingingShesaidshewaswaitingforabus.总结：直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等相应变化.（见课本88）补充：DirectSpeechSheasked,“Haveyouseenthefilm?”Heasks,“Areyouadoctor,John?”Sheaskedus,“Whereareyougoingtogetoff?”Heaskedthem,“Whogaveyouatalkyesterday?”IndirectSpeechSheaskedmewhether\ifIhadseenthefilm.HeasksJohnif\whetherheisadoctor.Sheaskeduswhereweweregoingtogetoff.Heaskedthemwhohadgiventhematalkthedaybefore.总结直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。解题步骤:1.陈述句“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.第一步SarahsaidtoherfriendsthatIdon’tlikecomputers.（I—she时态said过去式don’t----didn’t）第二步Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.2.一般疑问句:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)第一步Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.第二步Theyaskedhimifitiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.第三步Asked过去式is----was第四步Theyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.3.特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)第一步youharvestthewheat第二步TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheat.第三步（you--he）(harvest--harvested)第四步Theyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat考点二：现在进行时表将来（unit3）用现在进行时表示将来1.指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作；谓语通常为瞬间性的动词如：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,meet,get等。I'mleavingtomorrow.明天我要走了。HeiscomingbackthisSunday.这个星期他就回来了。Howareyougettingthere?你怎么去哪啊？2.在时间和条件状语从句中，有时也用进行时表示将来情况。如：Don’tmentionmewhenyouaretalkingwithhim.当你和他说话的时候不要提起我。Ifheisdoinghishomework,don’tbotherhim.如果他要做作业，不要打扰他。现在进行时的基本用法现在进行时是英语中的一种重要时态，其结构是：be+doingsth.。a.表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。Wearewaitingforyou.我们正在等你。b.表示现阶段暂时的情况，说话时动作未必正在进行。Whatareyoudoingrecently?Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）c.表示发展中的或正在改变的情况，如：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。Theleavesareturningred.叶子在变红。It‘sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天越来越热了。d.与always,constantly,forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩（赞成、讨厌、生气等情绪）。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你总是改变自己的主意。一般将来时（单纯将来）1）shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Thebuildingwillbefinishednextmonth.这座大楼将于下个月竣工。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？我先读哪一段呢？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?今晚七点回家好吗？※will在条件句中用一般现在时代替;Ifshecomes,I’llcallyou.如果她来了，我就打电话告诉你。2）begoingtoa.现在的打算、意图，即将做某事Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？b.表示最近未来的计划或安排将要发生Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。这出戏下月开播。c.有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。3）betodo按计划或正式安排将要发生WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4）beaboutto意为马上做某事，刚要，正要（表示非常近的将来）不能与tomorrow等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去北京。begoingto/will辨析用于条件句时，begoingto表将来，will表意愿。Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you'dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.如果你想去旅行，你最好尽快的准备。Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.betodo/begoingto辨析betodo表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）不用进行时的动词1）表示事实状态的动词，如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。Ihavetwobrothers.我有两兄弟。Thishousebelongstomysister.这房子是我姐的。2）表示心理状态的动词，如know,realize,think,see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。Ineedyourhelp.我需要你的帮助。Helovesherverymuch.他爱她很深。3）瞬间动词，如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。Iacceptyouradvice.我接受你的劝告。4）系动词，如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn等。Youseemalittletired.你看上去有点累。一般现在时代替一般将来时when,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,solongas,bythetime,if,incase（that）,unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediately等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。HeisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。考点三：定语从句（unit4&unit5必修二unit1&unit5）高考高频考点（1）三个概念1.定语从句：用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做定语从句。2.先行词：定语从句所修饰的词就叫做先行词，它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。3.引导词：引导定语从句的词就叫做引导词。引导词用以连接先行词与定语从句，引导词既有替代先行词的作用，又在从句中充当着一个成分。例：Theboywhoissingingatthestageisonlynineyearsold.先行词引导词定语从句Anyonethatiswillingtohelpothersiswelcometoourgroup.先行词定语从句引导词（2）、要点1.先行词与定语从句之间要有引导词（有时可省略:做宾语且前面无介词）2.关系代词应紧跟在先行词之后3.引导词在定语从句中充当某一成分（3）、引导词的用法关系代词:who/whom/that/which/whose1.先行词是人时，关系代词用who/whom/that.(1)who/that表主格:Thegirlwho/thatisdrawingisJim’ssister.Themanwho/thatlivesnextdoorisfriendly.(2)whom/that表宾格(who可用于口语中)可省略:Theboy(whom/that)wetalkedaboutwillcome.Heistheman(whom/that)wesawyesterday.2.先行词为物时，关系代词用which/that.(1)which/that表主格:Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.Marylikesmusicwhich/thatisquietandgentle.(2)which/that表宾格,可省略:Thecar(which/that)heboughtwasasecond-handone.Thefilm(which/that)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.3.whose：表所有格，先行词既可以是人，也可以是物Theworkerwhosearmwasbrokenwassenttohospital.Theriverwhosebanksarecoveredwithtreesisverylong.成分先行词主语宾语定语人who、thatwhom、who、thatWhose（ofwhom）物which、thatwhich、thatWhose（ofwhich）关系副词：when/where/why关系副词可替代的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同先