您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 企业财务 > Chinas-Geography
ChapterOneGeneralKnowledgeofChineseGeographyOutline•China’sLocationandTerritory•China’sAdministrativeDivision•China’sTopography•China’sClimate•China’sPopulationandEthnicGroups•China’sGeographyandCivilizationLocationandTerritory•ChinaislocatedintheeastoftheAsia,andthewestcoastofthePacificOcean,backingthelandandfacingthesea.•Chinahasalandboundaryofmorethan20,000km,borderedbyNorthKoreatotheeast;Russia,Mongolia,Kazakhstan(哈萨克斯坦),Kyrgyzstan(吉尔吉斯斯坦)andTajikistan(塔吉克斯坦)tothenorth,northeastandnorthwest;Afghanistan,Pakistan,India,NepalandBhutantothewestandsouthwest;andVietnam,LaosandBurma(Myanmar)totheSouth.LocationandTerritory•China’scoastlinecoversatotallengthofover18,000km,extendingfromthenorthattheestuaryofYalujiangRiverontheSino-KoreanbordertothesouthattheestuaryofBeilunheRiverontheSino-Vietnamborder.ChinaisflankedbytheBohaiSea,theYellowSea,theEastChinaSeaandtheSouthChinaSea.LocationandTerritory•Fromnorthtosouth,Chinastretchesforabout50°inlatitudeandabout5,500kmindistance,fromthemainlineoftheHeilongjiangRiver,northofMohecounty,totheZengmuReefoftheNanshaIslands.LocationandTerritory•Fromeasttowest,Chinaspansforabout60°inlongitude,over5,000kmindistance,fromthejunctionofHeilongjiangandUssuririverstothePamirHighlands,westofWuqiacounty(乌恰县),XinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion.LocationandTerritory•China’slandareais9.6millionkm2,rankingthelargestinAsiaandthe3rdintheworldafterRussiaandCanada.Fromgenerationtogeneration,Chinesepeoplehavebeencreatingbrilliantorientalcultureonthisvastland.•backIslandandChannels•5000islandsandislets•Coverage:80,000km²•TaiwanIsland(35,700km²)•HenanIsland(33,500km²)•CongmingIsland(1083km²)•China’schannelsincludeBaohaiChannel,TaiwanStrait,BahaiChannelandQiongzhouChannelAdministrativeDivision•Chinahas23provinces,5autonomousregions,4municipalitiesdirectlyunderthecentralgovernmentand2specialadministrativeregions.ThecapitalcityofChinaisBeijing.backTopography•GeneralKnowledge•Plateaus,Basins,andPlains•Rivers•Lakes•MountainsbackTopography•China’stopographyisverydiversified.Thedominantfeaturesvaryfromlowvastplainsandchainsofundulatinghillstomountainousregionswithtoweringpeaks,plateausandbowl-shapedbasins.•Topographically,Chinaisdescendinginelevationfromthewesttotheeastanddividedintothreesections.ThehighestsectionistheQinghai-TibetPlateauwithanaveragealtitudearound3,000to5,000m.Totheeastisthesecondsectionwithplateausandbasinsrangingfrom1,000to2,000.Thethirdsenctionconsistsofplains(lowerthan200m)andmildhills(lowerthan500m).back•China’sfourplateaus:•theQinghai-TibetPlateau(roofoftheworld),•theInnerMongoliaPlateau,•theLoessPlateau•andtheYunnan-GuizhouPlateau.•China’sfourbasins:•theTarimBasin,•theJunggarBasin,•theSichuanBasin•andtheQaidamBasin.•China’sfourplains:•(runningfromnorthtosouthare)•theNortheastPlain,•theNorthChinaPlain,•theMiddle-lowerYangtzePlain•andtheZhujiangDeltaPlain.back•Withthewest-eastwardslopingtopography,mostriversinChinarunfromwesttoeast.•TheYangtzeriver,6,300kmlong,isthelargestriverinChina,whichoriginatesfromtheTanggulaMountainontheQinghai-TibetPlateauandflowstotheEastChinaSea.ItisthethirdlongestriveraftertheNileandAmazon.•TheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverfeaturebigveticaldrops,withtorrentsandmanygorgesflankedbytoweringmountains,suchastheTiger-LeapingGorge,ThreeGorgesandsoon.Themiddlereachesarecharacterizedwithmanycrookedstreams,branchesandlakes.Thelowerreachesareknownasfertilelandoffishandrice.MostfreshwaterlakesofChinaarescatteredoverthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.•TheYellowRiver(HuangheRiver)originatesfromthefootoftheYagradagzeMountain(雅拉达泽山麓)oftheBayakalaRange(巴颜克拉山脉)inQinghaiProvinceandflowstotheBohaiSea.Itisover5400kmlongandisthesecondlongestriverinChina.Seenonthemap,ittakestheshapeof“几(aChinesecharacter)”.•Itsupperreacheshavemanygorgesandabundantwaterresources,wherelarge-scalehydroelectricpowerstationshavebeenbuilt.ThemiddlereachesflowthroughtheLoessPlateau,wherethereisaseriousproblemofsoilerosionandlargeamountsofsandismixedwiththewater.Thewaterisconsequentlyturbidandshowsthe“yellow”color,sotherivergetsthename“theYellowRiver”.•TheYellowRiverisconsideredtheMotherRiveroftheChinesepeople.ThedrainageareaoftheYellowRiverishonoredasthecradleoftheChinesepeopleandalsooneoftheoriginsofworldcivilization.ItissaidthatHuangdi(YellowEmperor,legendaryrulerandancestoroftheChinesenation)wasbornhere.ThisistheplacewherenumerouslegendsabouttheChinesecivilizationoriginated.ItwassaidthatmanwasmadebyNvWa(alengendarygoddessinancienttimes)withmudintheYellowRiver.•PoyangLake(鄱阳湖)isthelargestfreshwaterlakeinChina,withanareaof2,933km2.ItliesinnorthernJiangxiProvinceandconnectstheYangtzeRiverinthenorth.•ThevastPoyangLake,togetherwiththeStoneBellmountainattheentranceofthelake,MountLushanonitsbanksandthesurgingYangtzeRiver,formsagorgeouspicturefeaturingthelargelake,thegrandmountainandthegreatriver.•Thelakeisverywideandrichinfishes.Itisalsoanidealplaceforwhitecranes(白鹤),swans,whitestorks(白鹳)andmanyotherrarespeciesofbirdstospendtheirwinters.•DongtingLake,withanareaof2,432km2,islocatedinnorthernHunanProvinc
本文标题:Chinas-Geography
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-5032834 .html