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2010届高考英语一轮复习语法讲解形容词副词形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词,表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,有时也能修饰名词,表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。高考重点要求:1、形容词、副词比较级,最高级常用句型2、形容词的倍数表达法和副词的位置3、多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序4、分清常用同义、近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别有的形容词一般只作表语,这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰:•表示健康状况的:well,unwell,ill,faint,•表示情感反应的:glad,sorry,fond,•以a开头的:afraid,alone,asleep,alive,awake,alike,ashamed等。但有的可作后置定语或补语。例如:•Nobodyalivecanworkouttheproblem.1.表语形容词:基本用法2.定语形容词:•通常只作定语的形容词:•起强调作用的:only(唯一的),single(唯一的),certain(某一),real(真正的),true(真正的),very(正是),live(活的),exact(准确的),present(在场的),•由名词等转化而来的:wooden(木制的),woolen(羊毛制的),drunken(醉的),medical,daily,weekly,electric,former(前任的),some,any,little,many,及one-eyed之类的复合形容词等。3.形容词作定语的后置规律形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前,但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后:a.形容词短语作定语时要后置我认为他是适合做这项工作的人.Ithinkheisamansuitableforthejob.b.表语形容词作定语要后置。他一定是当代最好的小提琴手了.Hemustbethebestviolinistalive.c.形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,nothing等时,要位于后面。如:Isthereanythingimportantintoday’snewspaper?d.另外,glad,happy,sorry,angry,thankful,proud等的主语也只能是人;而pleasant,easy,difficult,important等则通常以事物或it作主语,因为它们说明事物.1.Theoperationwassuccessful,butIstillfelt_____.A.verypainfulB.muchpainfulC.alotofpainD.verypainingpainful的意思并不是“感到疼痛的”,而是表示“使人感到疼痛的”、“使人感到痛苦的”,所以它通常用于说明事物,而不宜用于说明人。2.---“Ourteamis_____towinthematch.”---“Really?ButIdon’tthinkso.”A.easyB.difficultC.possibleD.sure4.副词在句子中的位置表示确定时间的副词和地点的副词,一般放在句尾,如句中同时有地点副词和时间副词,地点副词通常在前,时间副词在后。修饰形容词和副词的程度副词,除enough后置外,一般放在被修饰词的前面。副词在此作状语。如:rathercold←→gofastenough3.IfIhad______,I'dvisitEurope,stoppingatthesmallinterestingplaces.(1998全国)A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenoughenough修饰形容词时要位于形容词之后常考考点考点一多个形容词作定语的排序规律(限定词+程度副词+)描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状的形容词+表示年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。opinionnosacomushapeagecolororiginmaterialusage4.Thechilddreamedthathehadoncelivedina_______houseintheforest.A.woodenprettylittleB.littleprettywoodenC.prettylittlewoodenD.woodenlittlepretty•限定描绘大长高;形状年龄和新老;•颜色国籍出材料;作用类别往后靠。描大形新颜国材注:限定词的排序:前位限定词(指量限定词all,both,half等;倍数词double,twice等;分数词one-third,two-fifths等)+中位限定词(冠词,指示代词,形容词性物主代词,名词所有格)+后位限定词(序数词及last,next等;基数词及few,several等)。如:5.Thehusbandgavehiswife______everymonthinordertopleaseher.(2004重庆)A.allhalfhisincomeB.hishalfallincomeC.halfhisallincomeD.allhishalfincome-ed形容词,通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到…”;-ing形容词,通常说明事物,意为“(某事物)令人…”或“令人…的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有:interested/interesting;excited/exciting;frightened/frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;moved/moving;disappointed/disappointing等。考点二–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别6.Hedidn’tunderstandthe_______question,sotherewasa______expressiononhisface.A.puzzling;puzzledB.puzzling;puzzlingC.puzzled;puzzledD.puzzled;puzzling1.as+形容词/副词原级+as7.Atyphoonsweptacrosstiffsareawithheavyrainsandwinds_____strongas113milesperhour.(2006上海)A.tooB.veryC.soD.as考点三形容词和副词的比较等级2.notas/so+原级+as3.as+形容词+(a/an+)名词+as8.Ourneighbourhas______ours.(2003北京)A.asabighouseasB.asbigahouseasC.thesamebighouseasD.ahousethesamebigas4.比较级+than9.–Didyoutakeenoughmoneywithyou?–No,Ineeded_______IthoughtIwould.(2006全国II)A.notsomuchasB.asmuchasC.muchmorethanD.muchlessthan10.AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,______.(2002上海)A.themoreforlifeareyouequippedB.themoreequippedforlifeyouareC.themorelifeyouareequippedforD.withthemtoplaybasketball5.the+比较级,the+比较级5.否定式谓语+比较级:有最高级含义11.—Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?—Yes.I’veneverbeento___onebefore.(2006四川)A.amoreexcitedB.themostexcitedC.amoreexcitingD.themostexciting6.倍比关系的句型•AisthreetimesasbigasB.•AisthreetimesbiggerthanB.•Aisthreetimesthe(名词)sizeofB.12.Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewas_____thatoftheirs.(2008陕西)A.astwicelargeasB.twiceaslargeasC.twiceasmuchasD.astwicemuchashalf,倍数,以及分数或有关长度、时间、重量等表示确定程度的修饰语,通常放在比较级前,或as…as结构的第一个as前。考点四两种不同形式的副词的用法差异Shecanspeak_______infrontofMack,butshecan’teat______inhisrestaurant.A.free,freeB.free,freelyC.freely,freeD.freely,freely考点五在语境中选择恰当的形容词或副词13.Weweretwohourslatethatday,whichwasduetothe______.A.crowdedtrafficB.crowdedtrafficsC.busytrafficD.busytraffics14.---“CouldItakeyourordernow?”---“Yes.One____teaandtwo___coffees.”A.black,whiteB.red,whiteC.black,greenD.red,black14.A______roadgoes______fromoneplacetoanother.A.straight,straightB.straightly,straightlyC.straight,straightlyD.straightly,straight15.Maryisverycleverand_____worthteaching,butherbrotherisnot.Look,heisnow_____asleepinclass.A.very,veryB.much,veryC.well,veryD.well,fast考点六常用连接性副词1.however表示转折:尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时,表示转折,其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末,通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。Myfather,however,didnotagree.但是,我父亲不同意。Hesaidthatitwasso;hewasmistaken,however.他说情况如此,可是他错了。2.thereforeYourinformationisinaccurateandyourconclusionisthereforewrong.你的信息不准确,所以你的结论是错误的。Wehaveagrowingpopulationandthereforeweneedmorefood.我们的人口在增长,因此我们需要更多的食物。3.thoughIt’shardwork;Ienjoyitthough.He’sabadPresident.Thereisnoreason,though,toshoothim.4.otherwise①其他方面Fatherstillhasabitofhiscold,butotherwiseallarewell.②否则,在不同的情况下。Doitnow.Otherwise,itwillbetoolate.③或用其他方式we’llgettheresomehow,bytrainorotherwise.5.anyhow、anyway①随便•Hisclotheswerethrowndownjustanyhow.②无论如何•Itmaysnow,butanyhowIwillgotot
本文标题:2010届高考英语一轮复习
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