公司章程与公司治理结构研究

-1-123-2-12312123SummaryIntheacademicfieldofthelastfewyears,companymanagementstrtucturehasbeenaveryhotthesisinacademicfield,andhascausedmanyproblemsinpractice.Theperfectofthecompanymanagementstructureprimarilydependsonboththelawandthecompanyconstitution,yetthecharacterofthelaw,suchasthelongtimeforit’sissuance,theabstractandgeneralcriteriondeterminatesit’slimitationonetheperfectofthecompanymanagingstructure.Yetthecompanyconstitution,astoitscontents,involvesthewholecompanyprocessfromestablishment,operationtotermination;astoitsposition,itistheConstitutionofacompany,andcompany’soperationmustfollowit;astoitseffect,itisthecontinuingofthelaw;astoitscharacter,itisacontract,andthe-3-willautonomyofthepartyisconcerned.Allthesemakethecompanyconstitutionpossibleandnecessaryintheperfectofthecompanymanagementstructure.Thisarticleisthroughthediscussionuponthefunctionandlawpositionofthecompanyconstitutiontodemonstratehowtomakeuseofthecompanyconstitutiontoperfectthecompanymanagementstructureofourcountry.Therearethreepartsinthisarticle.Thefirstpartisaboutthecharacterandfeatureofthecompanyconstitution.Thecompanyconstitutionisabasicdocument,whichclearlyputsdownthecompanyorganization,companyoperationnorm,companytrait,majoridea(theoperatingscope),managementstructure,actionmanner,theallotmentofpower,andcompanymembers’rightsandduties,etc.Fundamentalasitis,scholarshavedifferentideasonit.Butaexactreorganizationonitscharacterisveryimportant,forthemistakesintheoriesfieldswillinevitableleadtoadetourinpractice.Theimportanceofthereorganizationcanbeembodiedbythefollowingfacts:a)Itdirectlydeterminesinhowmuchspaceandonhowmuchdegreecanthecompanyrealizesthebestmanagement.b)Inaway,italsodeterminesthedevelopmentofthemodernizationofthecompany.So,thewriterbeginsfromthestudiesofthecharacterofthecompanyconstitutiontostudythedevelopmentandperfectionofthecompanymanagementstructureofourcountry.Firstly,thewritersummariesthedifferentideasonthecompanyconstitutioncharacterindifferentcountries,andthenconcludesherownidea,theyarethefollowing:1)thecompanyconstitutionisacontractbetweentheshareholders.2)italsoacontractbetweenthecompanyandit’sshareholders.3)itisacontractbetweenthecompanyanditsmanagers.Secondly,thewriterarguestheconstitutionhasthecharacteristicsofopen,comprehensiveness,efficiency,etc.Thesecondpartisaboutthefunctionandlawpositionoftheconstitution.Firstly,thewriterdiscussestheconstitution’sfunction.Indifferentcountries,thecontentsoftheconstitutionaredifferent,sothearrangementisdifferenttoo.Incommonlawcountries,thecontentsarearrangedintwodocuments:companyoutlineandcompanydetailedregulations,whileincivillawcountries,theyarearrangedonlyinonedocument,thatiscompanyconstitution.Thoughthereare-4-differencesinthearrangement,thefunctionisconsistent.Firstly,thecompanyconstitutionisoneoftheimportantdocumentsincompany’ssettingup.Then,itisthebasisfortheinwardscontrol.Again,ithastheoutwardseffectonshowingthepublictrust.Secondly,thewriterdiscussesthelawpositionoftheconstitution.Thewriterthinks,itseffectissupreme,anditisanimportantlawdocument,whichhasbeenconfirmedbythenationalsupervisororganization.Accordingtothis,thewriterconcludesthatthecompanyconstitution,seeingfromitscontents,involvesthewholeprocessfromestablishment,operationtotermination;seeingfromitsposition,itistheConstitutionofacompany,andtheoperationofthecompanymustfollowit,andanydraftofinwardsnormmustbebasedonit;seeingfromitseffect,itisthecontinuingofthelaw,anditinfluencestheoppositepersonandthepublic,andalsodeterminestheallotmentofthepowerbetweenshareholders,theboardofdirectorsandofsupervisors;seeingfromitscharacter,itisacontract,andthewillautonomyofthepartyisconcerned,anditlaysbasisfoundationtoindividuatethecompanystructurewhichcansuitthecompany’sdevelopment.Inaword,thecompanyconstitutionistheconfirmationofthemanagementstructure,andistheessentialconditionthattakesthestructureintopractice.Ifthereisnocompanyconstitution,thereisnotruemanagementstructure.Thecompanystructurewillcertainlyrunthroughallthemanagingprocessofthecompany.Thethirdpartisaboutthecompanyconstitutionandthemanagementstructure.Thewriterprimarilyanalyzeshowtomakeuseofthecompanyconstitutiontoperfectthecompanymanagementconstitutionofourcountry.First,thewritergeneralizestheprincipleofthestructure.Thecompanymanagementstructureisasystemwhichfitstotherequestsofcompanypropertystructure,andwhichmakestherealizationofmostbenefitsofthecompanyasitsaim,andwhichconsistsofshareholders,theboardofdirectorsandthesupervisors,andwhichcoordinatestherelationsbetweenshareholders,creditors,workers,governmentandconsumers,etc,throughthesettingoftherightsandduties.Concretely,thecompanymanagementstructure’strendis:1)emphasizeonprotectthebenefitsofshareholders,creditors,workersandothersrelated.2)emphasizeonhowtoavoidtheconflictbetweenshareholders.3)emphasizeon-5-theconsistenceofrightsanddutiesincompanymanagingstratum.Thesecond,thewriterelaboratestheconstitutionfunctiononthestructure:1)thecompanyconstitutionistheguaranteeofcompanyautonomy.2)thecompanyconstitutionhasreal